What is operant conditioning?
Suggests we learn through positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishments.
What was the aim of Chaney’s study?
To investigate whether the new asthma device can provide positive reinforcement to improve adherence of using inhalers in young asthmatics.
What was the sample size and the gender divide of Chaney’s study?
32 participants- 22 males and 10 females
What was the age range and mean age of the participants of Chaney’s study?
Age range= 1.5- 6 years (5 years)
Mean age= 3 years
Where were the participants from in Chaney’s study?
7 local paediatrician/ GP clinics in Perth, Australia
How did Chaney gain consent?
He got written, informed consent from parents before the questionnaire
What are the strengths of Chaney’s sample?
- Children from different paediatrician and general practices
- Includes females and males
- Age range spans infants, toddlers and young children
What are the weaknesses of Chaney’s sample?
- Ethnocentric
- Narrow age range
- Androcentric
What did the funhaler include?
- Whistle
- Spinner
- Ball
- Bright colours
It activates when the child uses it correctly.
Outline Chaney’s study procedure.
- Parents of asthmatic children contacted by phone by GP/ paediatrician
- Parents completed questionnaire about standard inhaler without knowledge of funhaler
- Participants used funhaler for 2 weeks under adult supervision
- Parents contacted occasionally in the 2 weeks to ask if funhaler was being used
- After 2 weeks, researcher visited parents in their home and they did same questionnaire.
What kind of questions were in Chaney’s questionnaire? Give examples.
Closed questions.
“Are you always successful at always medicating your child?”
“How many breaths are normally inhaled by your child? <4 or >4?”
What % of people had used the standard inhaler the day before when randomly asked?
59%
What % of people had achieved the recommended 4 breath cycles per delivery of the standard inhaler? (Chaney’s study)
50%
What % of parents were always successful at medicating their child using the standard inhaler? (Chaney’s study)
10%
What % of people had used the funhaler the day before when randomly questioned? (Chaney’s study)
81%
What % of people achieved the recommended 4 breath cycles per delivery using the funhaler? (Chaney’s study)
80%
What % of parents were always successful at medicating their child using the funhaler? (Chaney’s study)
73%
What were the conclusions of Chaney’s study?
- The use of operant conditioning is effective at improving the adherence of medication in young asthmatics
- The funhaler may improve the health and development of children
What was the IV for Chaney’s study?
Standard inhaler vs funhaler
What was the DV for Chaney’s study?
The adherence to the inhaler device
What research method was used for Chaney’s study?
Field
What was the research design for Chaney’s study and how do you know?
Repeated measures design- the parents filled out both questionnaires and the children used both inhalers
What type/ level of data was collected for Chaney’s study?
Quantitative and nominal data
List some controls of Chaney’s study.
- Carried out for 2 weeks
- Same funhaler
- Same questionnaire
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Ethics18
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Sample and Sampling24
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Experiments32
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Types and Levels of Data21
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Validity and Reliability17
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Psychology as a science23
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Cognitive Area6
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Loftus and Palmer Study31
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Grant Study21
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Developmental Area4
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Bandura Study41
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Chaney Study24
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Moray Study26
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Simons and Chabris14
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Milgram Study17
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Bocchiaro Study12
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Levine study11
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Debates12
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The collection & Processing of Forensic Evidence15
