What is change management?
The ability to anticipate, prepare for and respond to change in the business environment. It is key for a business to be able to manage effectively in order to remain competitive
What are the four main types of change?
- Rapid/Unexpected
- Long Term
- Incremental
- Disruptive
What is meant by internal sources of change?
Factors that occur from within the business that lead to change
What is meant by external sources of change?
Factors that occur from outside the business that force change
What is long term/strategic change?
Planned change in order to make improvements for the longer term future
What is incremental change? (short term/anticipated/tactical)
Step by step change as a businesses progresses
What is rapid change? (unexpected/crisis/catastrophic)
Being unexpectedly forced to change
What is disruptive change?
Changing the way you do something e.g) new technology is introduced
What is operational change?
When the business changes the way it operates and functions
What is the differences between drivers for change and driver against change?
For: these factors cause and push for change to take place
Against: these factors resist change taking places
Why is it important to manage change effectively?
- Avoid drivers against change
- Avoid employee resistance
- To ensure change is successfully implemented to avoid a waste of time and resources
What are possible reasons for change in the business environment?
- Consumer taste change
- Competition
- Cost cutting
- Political influences such as Brexit
State the 2 drivers for change
Internal factors (cost cutting) External factors (competition)
State 3 drivers against change
- Employee resistance
- Union
- Political influence (MPs) - [Cadbury/Kraft]
Give 3 examples of internal factors as drivers for change
- Desire for profits
- Lack of competition
- Large staff turnover
Give some examples of external factors as drivers for change
- Customer demand
- Competition
- Changes in costs (supply)
- Ethical influences
- Social trends
- Technology
- Government
What are some attitudes and practices that a business can adopt to help to manage change in a business?
- Teamwork
- Workforce co-operation
- Positive culture
- Positive staff relations
- Support from trade unions
- ACAS
- New working practices
What does a manager need to do to help effective management of change?
- Create an environment of mutual trust and involvement
- Be positive with timely and clear communication
What is Lewin’s 3 step change management model?
- Unfreeze (remove the dissent, create awareness)
- Implement the change/new practices
- Re-freeze this into business culture
What is Kotter’s 8 step change management model?
- Create Urgency
- Form a powerful coalition
- Create a vision for change
- Communicate the vision
- Remove obstacles
- Create short term wins and benefits to motivate throughout
- Build on the change (make improvements)
- Anchor the change into corporate culture
What are some criticisms of change management models?
- Far too simplistic
- Assumes change can follows a logical order
- Ignores external issues that may occur during the change such as economic recession
- Isn’t time specific
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finance (formulas) GCSE8
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Production, Finance And External Environment (GCSE)55
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Sources Of Finance (GCSE)14
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Intro to Business (a level)21
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External influences231
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Business objectives and strategies45
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Operations Management142
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Accounting and Finance134
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Human Resources282
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Change Management21
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Marketing70
