1
Q
Descriptive approach
A
physical features, detailed and objected description
2
Q
Meaning
A
can be personal or subjective
3
Q
place =
A
location + meaning
4
Q
location
A
where a place is
5
Q
locale
A
place where something happens or is set and has particular events associated with it
6
Q
sense of place
A
refers to the subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place, people develop a sense of place through experience and knowledge of particular area
7
Q
media
A
means of communication e.g. to and films, these reach or influence people widely
8
Q
Glastonbury
A
- county of Somerset
- 23 miles south of Bristol
- music festival
- visitor attractions-Glastonbury abbey
- spiritual site-pagans
9
Q
sense of place of Glastonbury
A
spiritual importance, religions, evokes emotions because of the internationally famous music festival
10
Q
Near and far places
A
people flock to places that offer something comfortable, or security but at times we need the uncertainty, excitement and freedom of unfamiliar places
11
Q
near and far places
A
- could be a geographical sense - near or about a place
- could be about a place near to your heart
12
Q
distant place
A
no experience, culturally, economic and socially very different from where we live
13
Q
Placelessness
A
has no feeling, no life, no buildings, no meaning, no purpose
13
Q
Experienced places and media places
A
a place which a person has actually spent time within, this could even be for a short period but the person has the experience of being there, the longer spend in places the stronger our sense of place
14
Q
Social constructivist approach
A
Symbolism
Public space for protest and social movements
Tourism and identity
15
Q
phenomenological approach
A
personal experience
Sense of place
Emotional connection
16
Q
descriptive approach
A
location
Physical features
Pedestrian space
17
Q
brick lane - descriptive
A
east end of London
Borough of tower hamlets
Near Spitalfields
Knows for street art, international food, fashion
18
Q
brick lane - social constructivist
A
banglatown
Cultural identity, anti-racist resistance
Crime
Creativity and graffiti
Immigration
Diverse religion
19
Q
brick lane phenomenological
A
its a home to those who live there, mosques, safe area, curry houses
Colourful hippy vibe, shops, crime high
Grungy rundown areas, surrounded by posh
Surrounded by regenerated areas
20
Q
Identity of a place
A
influenced by the quality or intensity of the experience we have there, greater we feel save in that place, more attached we feel
21
Q
tripartite model
A
person - cultural/group/individual
Place - social/physical
Process - affect/cognitive/behaviour
22
Q
Placemaking
A
deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a community’s quality of life
23
Q
Material traces - physical and tangible elements of place that have been left behind by human activity or the environment, they provide evidence of historical, social and economic development of a place
A
- buildings and architecture
- infrastructure
- land use changes
- artifacts
- public spaces
24
non-material traces - intangible aspects that help to understand the social and environmental connections people have with a place, they show how culture and experiences shape place identity over time
- cultural practices and traditions
- social attitudes
- memory and collective identity
- perceptions
- stories and narratives
25
Globalisation
the process whereby the world has become more economically, politically and socially connected
26
interconnection of places through;
- trade
- economy
- politically
- socially
- travel
27
clone town (homogenised)
Similarities of town, as chains are in all towns and they look the same creating less meaning, can grow the sense of placeness
28
glocalisation
some local areas attempt to resist the power of globalisation. Consistently TNC’s adapt to local markets.
29
Difference between globalisation and glocalisation
interconnections between trade and culture, are increased with technology
30
localising the economy
for some fighting back against globalisation, the erosion of borders and the interconnected nature between us all through a space-time compression can be done through localising the economy
31
Bristol pound
launched in 2012 to forge local community connections and keep money locally
32
Belonging
a sense of belonging means to be part of a community e.g. race and ethnicity, age, gender, sexuality, socio-economic status, religion, education
33
globalisation and belonging
globalisation and migration has allowed places, especially urban areas to become more ethnically and culturally diverse
34
Space
area with no meaning
35
place
a space with a meaning/the way an area is perceived depending on location, locale and emotional attachment
36
SOCIAL and spatial exclusion
exclusion form society and feeling out of place or not belonging to a certain society. Could result in poverty
37
social and SPATIAL exclusion
spatial aspects of this can be to do with certain areas being excluded from society. This could be chosen or could appear as a result of a lack of investment in an area by the government
38
groups excluded from society
ethnicity minorities, homeless, gypsies/traveler's, LGBT communities, immigrants, age, disability
39
gated communities
enclosed housing estates where access is strictly controlled, only residents
40
insider and outsider perspectives
- people feel a sense of defensiveness, pride and protection of their won sense of place
- ‘not in my back yard’ shows this with developments for new housing estates, developers or even renewable energies
- immigration has become significant focus of the uk political sense
41
Social construction approach t approaching and thinking of place
how a place is created interpreted and understood by society
42
difference between counter urbanisation and suburbanisation
counter is people moving out to rural areas, suburbanisation is the expansion of cities into rural areas
43
Places can feel near or far for 2 reasons
Geographical distance between places
Emotional connections that allows someone to feel comfortable within that particular place
44
experienced places
places a person has spent time physically in
45
media places
places that a person has only read about or seen in a film
46
Endogenous factors
internal factors that help shape the character of a place
These can be physical geographical features as well as human features
47
exogenous factors
external factors that help shape the character of a place
These are generally the relations that a place has with other places that affects its characteristics
48
economic change and social inequality
migration
Terrorism
Industrialism
Natural disaster
Climate change
49
Continuity and change
refers to how places maintain certain characteristics over time which also undergoing transformations in aspects like demographics, culture, economy, and the built environment
50
continuity and change helps people to understand
- retain identity
- regeneration, gentrification and migration
- conflicts and tensions
- place of meaning and attachment
51
Notting Hill continuity
Notting Hill - symbol of Caribbean culture
Architectural style - Victorian terraced housing
Multiculturalism
52
Notting Hill change
extreme gentrification
Demographic shifts
Media representation
53
brick lane continuity
cultural heritage
Land marks
Historical buildings
54
brick lane change
gentrification
Rising property prices
Tourism and cultural rebranding
55
Meaning
relates to the individual or collective perception of place
56
representation
How a place is portrays or seen in society
57
perception of place
the meaning developed by what we hear see or read about a place
58
History of Belfast
capital of northern island
Economic howler house
Titanic built
Largest producer of linen
30 year period of conflict
Good Friday peace agreement 1998
59
Changes to spaces in Belfast
large scale development
The titanic quarter
60
political history of Belfast and unrest
peace wall
Religious conflict
30 year period of conflict
61
tourism and perception of place
tourism major increase - 5.2 million spend in a night in Belfast
400 million to local economy
62
Perceptions of place - national
shaped by other influences such as historical and political relationship or trading links
63
perceptions of places - global
perceptions of international places tend to be influenced by media rather than by personal, direct and insider experiences.
64
Governments
rely upon a strong perception of place to attract trade, investments and a sportive place perception at an international level.
65
Positive perceptions of a place in the UK
economic hub, tourism, culturally diverse, music and media, fashion, cadburys, BATAs, military
66
negative perceptions of a place in the UK
Illegal immigration, weak government, protesting
67
perceptions of place national
the government and monarchy play a pivotal role in promoting international values and relations for the UK.
68
Perceptions of places - local
- remain vitally important
- organisations promote local places, build up place and improve perceptions of place as people are more likely to want to live, work or reside in a place that has a good representation
69
agents of change
- local community groups
- national government
- international institutions
- global institutions
- national institutions
- Local government
- Individuals
- TNCs
70
re-imagining
disassociating an area with its previous negative images e.g. crime, pollution, drugs, dereliction
71
rebranding
giving a new identity to an area. This can then attract people, industry and investment e.g. London
72
regeneration
improving and investing in an area. This may include demolishing places and building new places. The use of a place may change.
73
Agents of change - government
national, regional and locally strategies are implemented by government to manipulate perception of place
74
Factors why Amsterdam was rebranded
Amsterdam was threatened by greater competition from other cities both within and out of the Netherlands, social and economic decline in some areas, the city’s reputation for being liberal towards soft drugs and prostitution which is inappropriate for attracting new investors and enterprises, and failed bid to host the Olympic Games.
75
I am sterdam sign
The sign was short, clear, powerful and memorable. This is the city’s most photographed item, over 8,000 times a day. Social media has allowed the image to be spread all over making it one of the most successful destinations. People say it has been to successful and have created over tourism.
76
Gated community
a residential area with controlled entrances and fences with security, this restricts access to residents and guests
77
topophilia
A strong emotional attachment and love for a place
78
topophobia
The fear or dislike of a place
79
Synopticity - forces of change act upon a place
- some of these relate to global systems and governance
- flows of people, resources, money and investment changes over time
80
global shift in manufacturing to NICs
- newly industrialising countries
- Asian tigers, 19060s - South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong
81
global shift in manufacturing to RICs
- recently industrialising countries
- 1980s, Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia
82
consequent Deindustrialisation in HICs
- structural unemployment
- out migration ( younger, skilled workers)
- negative multiplier effect
83
London docklands redevelopment
- national governance
- environmental groups
- containerisation - closing of docklands
- globalisation - other countries business
- war bombed
- workers - lower class people used to lived there - now upper class / gated community
- gentrification
84
coin street
- community led housing organisation and social enterprise
- 1970s, characterised by derelict warehouses, shrining population and a weak local.economy with few services
- hotel development
- residential planing
- demolition of derelict buildings
- better area to live, work and visit, make accessible
85
CSCB projects - coin street
- south bank riverside walkway
- Gabriel’s wharf
- Bernie Spain gardens
- Regeneration of OXO tower
- Community sports centre
- coin street neighbourhood centre
86
media and sense of place
geographical distance is lessened by media so people gain a sense of attachment to place they are far away from, NEAR AND FAR PLAES ARE BECOMING A BLURED LINE
87
text
just means the type of media
88
provenance
the origin of the source, who and why
89
symbols and metaphors
in the text or image, what is conveyed
90
pastiche
is the image a copy of something done before
91
unintended details
people in background, or landscape features
92
Formal representations
more objective based on facts rather than feelings or emotions
93
informal representations
places can be informally represented in a wide range of ways, media, art, tv, film, music, photography, murals and graffiti, certain groups in society than others,
Murals in Northern Ireland - troubles/conflict
94
abstract representations
paintings and films, London tube maps, Thames navigation
95
new york
empire state of mind, Alicia keys, contrasting, positive and negative, ‘dreams are made of’, ‘concrete jungle’, wider perspective, both sided, insider perspective, her song - bias,
96
the angle of the north, Gateshead
signify that beneath it coal miners worked for 2 centuries, transition form industrial to information, focus for evolving hopes and fears
97
Redevelopment of South Gate shopping centre - bath
architects use existing style, maintain heritage, character, age and feel of area
98
Redevelopment and rebranding of Birmingham's bull ring
Architects may make radical changes, completely altering the character, physical appearance or consulting new buildings, post modern western architecture
99
bull ring
Selfridges department - 15,000 aluminium discs mounted onto blue background, architectural landmark
100
Gentrification
- properties are purchased cheaply and improved, increasing value
- the nature of the whole area may improve with great wealth
- original poorer residents may find themselves displaced
- cant afford anywhere else to live
- Salcombe, Cornwall, Padstow
101
digital place and GIS
- rise in digital technology
- parallel interactive places such as second life and Fortnite
- virtual places rather than real places
- real places have become layered and augmented
- creates huge impact of our sense of place
102
Brick lane location
- street in London Borough of Tower Hamlet
- Bangla Town
- Whitechapel high street
103
Varied wealth in brick lane
could create conflict between people who live there - could cause people mot to visit - assumptions made by outsiders - assumptions of people who live there by others
104
Diaspora in brick lane and Spitalfields
Bangladeshi community is known to some as Bangla-town, large groups of different ethnicities
105
naming of brick lane
was named Whitechapel lane, remained it because of brick tile manufactures in the 15th century
106
brick lanes locale - migration and sharing of culture
french migrants - Irish and Jewish backgrounds, weaving and tailoring, best curry houses in London, mosques, synagogues, food markets, brewery
107
religious aspects effect on the people
Feels more like home, more comforting, reminder of home/religion.culture/ethnicity, connects them to the environment they now live in, creates a emotional bond because of traditions, religion and festivals
108
stats for brick lane
2011
- 10,280 - population
- 37.4% Bangladeshi - ethnicity
- 25.9% white British - ethnicity
- working age = 16-64
109
Stats for tower hamlets
2021
- population - 310,300
- 39.9% Muslim
- 44.4% Asian
- 39% white British
- Bangladeshi born = 43,600 people
- 29-30 year olds = median age range
- population density - 15,695 per km squared
110
brick lanes post code area - E1 6QL
- ethically diverse - 34% born in uk
- 756 crimes reported in recent period
- railway - Shoreditch high street, Liverpool Street, Whitechapel, Aldgate East
- primary and secondary school provided and close
- GP and healthcare access
- average property price - £839,950
111
population structure of Spitalfields and banglatown
- people are of a younger age generation
- high percentage of people are 20-40 years old
- attractiveness to young professionals and recent migrants
- employment opportunities - close to city centre
- ethnic and religious mix
- proportion of older generation is much lower than national average
112
ethnicity in Spitalfields
Bangladeshi - 2011 - 37.4%, now about 41%
White British - 2021 - 17%
Muslim - 2021 - 45%
113
How communities have created sense of place
- cultural events and festivals - global attraction
- markets - social and cultural
- architecture and heritage buildings - mosque synagogue - street signs
- gentrification
- multi-culture
- media, tourism, diaspora networks, multi-culture of London, travel to experience the mixture
114
Cultural change in brick lane
- immigrants
- gentrification
- Bangladeshi community
- growth, shops, restaurants, festivals
- mosques, synagogues, churches
- multicultural heritage
- gentrification changed character of the area
- rising house prices
- more culture
115
population influx importance
- shows changes overtime
- changes through growth migration, aging
- helps local councils or and government plan services such as school, healthcare, housing and transport
- provides insight to cultural diversity and community needs
- comparison between boroughs and with UK
116
gentrification of brick lane
rising property prices, loss of affordable housing, threat to banglatown identity
117
Keswick location
small town based in Lake district, Cumbria, close to Penrith and Workington, historic market town, glaciated valley, mountains
118
Keswick from brick lane
- 5 hours and 34 minutes
- 304.3 miles
- via M6
- Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester
- 45miles from Scottish boarder
119
keswick locale
Associated with hiking, mountains, pencil museum, its a historic market town with regular markets, art, romantic poets, strong links to agriculture
120
role of media - Keswick
- newspapers, magazines, travel writing, social media, outdoor activities and hiking, reviews, travel blogs, personal narratives
121
exogenous factors - Keswick
national and international visitors drawn by the Lake Districts world heritage status, tourists transforms the towns economy and atmosphere, road links, conservation policies, tourism management, planning decisions, guidebooks, travel journalism, films, tv, reliance on national and global supply chains for tourism businesses, hotels and outdoor shops
122
endogenous factors
Lake District, lakes and waterfalls, market town with historical market and traditional stone, theatre by the lake and the Keswick museum and art gallery, outdoor shops, cafes, for tourism, weekly markets still run for trading and tourists, population small, older generations, retirees, strong sense of community - local festival, tourism based economy
123
Tourist boards - Keswick
promote Keswick internationally and nationally, create branding around outdoor adventure, culture and natural beauty, influence investment in infrastructure - paths, trails, visitor centres
124
tourist agencies - Keswick
coordinate local business, hotels, restaurants, outdoor activity providers to market Keswick collectively, organise festivals and events like the Keswick mountain festival to attract visitors, shape the seasonal rhythms of the town by boosting its identity as a lively tourism hub.
125
Cooperate bodies - Keswick
outdoor retail chains, Cotswolds, blacks, trespass, dominate Keswick’s high street, they change the towns character by shifting its economy towards tourism retail than local everyday, services, investment from larger companies can bring jobs and recognise, but also create tensions, loss of independent shops, creates less local feel and more tourism feel
126
importance of media representation of Keswick
constructing how people imagine Keswick, travel writing, guidebooks, enhance its reputation for being outdoorsy, promoting tourism through national newspapers, magazines, climbing, hiking, best walking town, mountain festival, historical media sources, literary associations
127
Sense of meaning and sense of place
through natural environment, tourism, tranquility, beauty nature, relaxation, cultural heritage, urban multi-cultural identity, community, diversity, creativity, cultural fusion
128
Human Geography
flashcards
Decks in class (13)
# Cards
-
Urbanisation41
-
Gentrification7
-
Social and economic issues associated with Urbanisation10
-
Urban climate17
-
Urban drainage8
-
Urban waste and disposal10
-
Other contemporary urban environmental issues16
-
Sustainable urban development30
-
Changing place129
-
GSG152
-
apple case study9
-
bananas case study1
-
antarctica37
