explain the concept of place
-the word place has more than one dimension
-a location is a physical point of where place is and a place is a location which has different meanings to various people
-the sense of place is the subjective emotional attachment to a place which gives it meaning
explain Place Attachment
the geographer Yi-Fu Tuan suggests that atatchment ( the sense of binding to a particular location ) grows stronger over time.
the more experiences of a place and the greater the intesity of these experiences the greater depth of attachment you may have to a place.
Topophilia concerns the love of a place and having a strong attachment to it.
Explain why an outsider perspective might give a different sense of place to an insider perspective
- an outsider typically means that the individual hasn’t ever visisted the place and have created their perspective through media representations such as TV.
- an outsider perspective may mean you live in a place but they don’t feel they belong. for example, a recent immigrant who doesn’t understand the culture may feel excluded
- an insider typically means that they live in the area therefore have experienced the place and are familiar with it
-an insider will feel a sense of belonging in that place such as resident of a country who shares the same cultural value will feel like insiders
NEAR PLACE: describe the location of Newcastle and its significance
Newcastle Upon Tyne is located in the North East of England and is situated on the North Bank of the River Tyne which is eight miles inshore from the North Sea.
historically, shipibuilding and coal exportation were central to the citie’s prosperity with approximately 1,500 tonnes of coal being exported from the city during the 1500s and these figures rising to 400 000 tonnes per year by the mid 17th century
NEAR PLACE: evaluate the role of government policies in changing lived experience
-Margaret Thatcher enforced the closure of coal mines after evidence showed that the mines productivity was poor and firms began to outsource their labour from foreign countries as it become more cost effective than internal production due to lower labour costs . This resulted in the closure of the city’s last coal mine in 1956 which was followed by the slow demise of the shipbuilding industries.
-This resulted in societal implications as manufacturing employment fell which amounted to 1.6 million jobs being lost all together.
- the deindustrialisation of the city also promoted greater brownfield sites as old industrial buildings were abandoned after closures.
NEAR PLACE: evaulate the role of TNC investment in changing the lived experience
many transnational corporations such as Nissan have established in Newcastle as they were attracted by the city’s business links.
through them establishing their corporation in the north east they provide employment opportunities for people to work in their factories as well as investment which can encourage development through a positive multiplier effect as they experience massive growth of the supply chain for the factory
other transnational corporations like MCdonalds have established in the region and have adapted their global brand and products to meet the local market place. the investment of these larger corporations has resulted in the city becoming homogenised as the cities globally becoming increasingly similar
the individuals lived experience may be altered as the degree of attachment they have for the region may fall as there is a sense of placelessness which means they don’t form as strong as an emotional attachment to the area due to the dominance of chain stores
how is the changing character of a place overtime represented by statistics and cartographical soruces
- statistical and cartographic data are examples of quantitative data which represents the changing character of a place through an objective approach
- statistical sources such as census data are useful in determinging the demogrpahic of a place and can be used to compare the changes numerically
- for example, Newcastle’s unemployment rate reached 42 percent with the fall in manufacturing employment following the closure and decline of the shipbuilding and coal industries. this highlights the societal impacts that deindustrialisation brought and why there has been a shift from newcastle’s industrial character
- cartographic data such as OS maps are useful in exhibiting the land-use of a period so they can be compared over time. For example, Newcastle OS maps historically displayed the urban area concentrated along the river tyne, with ship building and ports forming the main infrastructure. in comparison with current maps, there is a notable change in the land use along the river with infamous landforms like the Baltic centre presents on the maps subsequent to regeneration
- however statistical and cartographic data doesn’t provide knowledge on the individual’s lived experiences or their perceptions of Newcastle such as the poor morale and mental health issues experienced.
how is the changing character of a place represented by artistic sources such as paintings or poetry
- artistic sources are examples of qualitative data that represent the changing character of a place through a subjective approach
- allow for phenomenological or socio constructionist approach to studying a place
- artistic sources are useful in supporting the notion that there is a highly personal relationship between a person and a place as it was suggested by Edward W. Soja
- soja stated that these are second space sources which is how a space is perceived by an individual rather than facts and figures
- they are issues of subjectivity and the purpose behind the artist creating the source as they could have a hidden bias or motivation
what strategies are used to alter perceptions of a place
-place marketing is how places are sold like products to consumers. Marketing companies will be employed to produce websites, design logos or run advertising campaigns which are designed to promote a particular pace and attract people and flows of money.
-in the Lake district it is promoted as the adventure capital of the Uk through a website and relate social media pages which attracts tourism to the area
-rebranding involves giving a place a new identity that is appealing to people and investors. deindustrialised UK cities have been rebranded to produce a more attractive image and creates more positive associations with the place.
explain the Totnes case study
Totnes is located in South Devon and is a small town of around 8500 people.
The global corporation Costa planned to open a 70 seat outlet in 2012 within the town with the projected view of benefiting the local economy and attracting further investment
Locals put forwards a petition against this investment with 5,700 people signing the petition. The locals also sent the council around 260 letters of objection
Totnes also encouraged the concept of localisation through the introduction of a new local currency which aims to encourage people to shop local rather than investing in larger corporations.
explain the meaning of endogenous factors and exogenous factors
- endogenous factors are characteristics of a place which have orginated internally such as the topography or infrastructure.
- exogenous factors are characteristics which have origingated through the places relationship with external factors. This includes trades and the flows of people such as immigration.
explain how globalisation can contribute to the character of a place
globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected
global corporations/TNCs like Mcdonalds can be located in the majority of cities which created homogenised landscapes. for example aldi and sainsburys dominate the UK food shopping which provides consumers with an homogenous shopping experience
this can result in the formation of clone towns which creates a sense of placelessness as there is a lack of uniqueness. it also threatens local businesses and can force them out of operation
name one artisitic source and explain how it helped you to devleop your knowledge and understanding of that place
The Blaydon Races song compose by Geordie Ridley highlights the working class majority through the use of idioms and slang
it allows for a social constructionist approach to the place as it details experiences from the time period such as the “armstrongs factories”
NEAR PLACE: describe the quayside regeneration scheme
- in 2003, a 10 year prject “the Culture investments and stategic impacts research” too place with the focus on implimenting culture into the quayside in order to improve social and economic demogrpahics
- Over £430 million in government funding was invested into imporvemtns to infrastructure and the public realm, with the transformation of ten histroci buildings including the baltic flour mill. the baltic flour mill was converted into a contemporary art gallery for £46 million with the aim if attracting over 400,000 visitors per year
- the sage GAteashead was designed at a cost of £70 million and the Gateshead millenium bridge was opened in 2001
- transport infrastrcture has been improved in order to reduce congestion such as the Tyne and Wear Metro stations system and 8 city centre multi storey car parks operated by city council
describe the process of studentification
studentification is the gradual change in an area of a city caused by the arrival of large number od university students.
the arrival of numerous students has contributed to physical mess, vandalism and noise pollution
existence of a cluster os students helped imporve the range of goods and service available as well as investing into transport links to the city
FAR PLACE: describe the location of Keswick and its significance
Keswick is located in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria and is situated in a glaciated valley which is surrounded by mountains
historically, developments in mining allowed for this to be central in the regions prosperity from the 16th century onwards, especially in the extraction of graphite which was used for manufacturing pencils by the second half of the 18th century
FAR PLACE: evaluate the role of TNC investment in changing in lived experience
in order to cater for the tourism in Keswick, many trans national corporations established in the area such as the Premier Inn Hotel
the rise in adventure tourism has also led to Keswick catering for these tourists through attractions and services with an estimated 10 percent of all shops being outdoor clothes shops and 8 percent are gift shops
the locals lived experience is affected by the tourists shops and attractions as these shops create an increasingly homogenised shopping experience
FAR PLACE: evaluate the role of tourism in changing the lived experience
-during the 20th century tourism became central in Keswick’s economy due to changes in media, better transport links and societally an increased ability to travel due to a disposable income.
-due to the world heritage status being confirmed for Keswick in 2017, tourism in the Lakes now supports 65000 jobs which is one fifth of the total employment
-in 2019 it was recorded that the tourism in Cumbria resulted in it hitting £3 billion for the first time
-despite this keswick and the surrounding areas are becoming some of the most sought after locations for property with 40 percent of properties not permanently occupied as half sold were purchased as holiday homes
-in the central lake district area the house prices to income ratio are 12.1 to 1 with rents being too high for younger demographics as they are catered towards short term rents for holidays. this means the demographic is skewed towards rich, more affluent retired individuals which has affected people’s lived experiences as keswick has become less of an age diverse area
