Give a historical perspective of changing places
- Mid 1800s mechanisation of farming > workers moved to cities providing cheap labour
- Settlements near coast/ valuable resources grew as commercial centres
- £1 housing regeneration scheme
- County towns grew hosting administrative functions
- Post industrial economy sees functions reduced and more retail competition
Describe how Bath and Totnes protect its heritage
Bath - World Heritage site so new developments have to suit Georgian style (slow rate of change)
Totnes - Transition town to protect culture and Totnes pound to aid local businesses
Give four demographic changes
- changes in age structure and ethnicity
- MV empire Windrush brought Jamaican migrants
- Indian diaspora in W. London (Southall)
- Pakistani diaspora in Birmingham
Give five impacts of demographic change
- Prejudice and racism
- Collapse in house prices
- Deindustrialisation and outmigration
- Cultural hotspots
- Language barriers
Describe UK income
- London has the highest average income
- Living wage in London is £9.40/hr but nationally is £7.20
Describe UK variations in QoL
- High income not necessarily high QoL
- London low in affordability
- Scotland is happiest region nationally
Describe UK life expectancy
- 6 year life expectancy difference between highest and lowest occupational groups
- A 65yr old man in Harrow can expect to live 6 years longer than a man in Glasgow (‘Glasgow effect’)
- Health and income affects lifestyle and diet
Describe UK health and income
Poorest health regions: W.Scotland
NW England and S Wales - deindustrialisation
Describe UK education
- London has highest A/A* NE. England = lowest
- Educational achievement - job prospect - income
- Parents in affluent areas more likely to be encouraging
- Poor, white males do worse in coursework so introduced more exams
Define ‘regeneration’
Redeveloping former industrial areas or outdated housing to bring about economic or social change
Define ‘rebranding’
Ways in which a place is deliberately reinvented for economic benefit and marketed using its new identity to attract investment
Describe physical, human, economic, religious, media and cuisine of Cornwall
P - Granite cliffs, arable farmland and coastal features
H - 74% farmland
E - dependant on agriculture and tourism
R - 18th century Methodist
M - rural, poor and low action
C - Cornish pasty, clotted cream, seafood and mead
Describe the physical, human, economic, religious, media and cuisine of Bristol
P - Limestone and gorge H - Docks E - 2014 GDP: 30.5bn R - 47% Christian, 5% Muslim M - named best place to live in Britain by Sunday Times C - nightlife and clubs
What are the functions of Bristol?
Avonmouth docks Financial centre 2 Unis MOD Regional HQ of BBC
Name 3 regeneration projects in Bristol
1980 - Harbour
2010 - Cabot circus
2015 - Temple Quarter
What are the three urban areas on the rural to urban continuum?
Metropolitan - London
Urban built environment
Urban-rural fringe - Box to Bath
What are the three rural areas on the rural to urban continuum?
Farming and commuter zone - Kington Langley
Deep countryside - North Lake District
Remote rural environment - Scottish highlands
What is the Clarke-Fisher model?
A graph showing development from pre-industrial to industrial to post-industrial countries and sectors of employment
Where is Bangladesh on the Clarke-Fisher model?
Pre-industrial developing
Describe the UK/ America line on the Clarke-Fisher model
Started bottom left in pre-industrial to 60% tertiary sector in post-industrial
Give two physical factors that lead to change in places
- places vary in attractiveness to FDI (environment)
- central gov intervention changed in early 21st century to localism and individuality began
Give four access/ connectedness factors that lead to change in places
- technology facilitating urban sprawl, fibre optic cables are shifting traditional landscapes and relationships
- access to other places by methods of transport
- proximity to other places
- connections attract investment
Historic factors leading to change in places:
- post-production era and (1) so once key sectors e.g. (2) has ended
- changes in (3) trends and (4) types due to (5) trends
1 - mechanisation 2 - agriculture/ primary sector 3 - consumer 4 - house 5 - cultural and demographic
Historic factors leading to change in places:
- competition for optimum site for (1) land values increase towards (2) because access for people pre-(3) age was here
1 - functions (commercial, residential, retail)
2 - CBD
3 - motor vehicle
