Features of common market
- Travel anywhere without passport (in the country)
- Same currency to buy/ sell goods and services
- Set up businesses in all member states without high costs (e.g. Foreign investment tax ect.)
- Ability to trade goods across all member states without paying taxes (e.g. Import/ export tax)
What were the effects due to the disagreements over the common market?
- SG was seen as an economic rival as goods from SG were no longer taxed
- Thus, Central Government (Malaysia) delayed setting it up
- Lead to decline in business of SG’s trade which made SG unhappy with Malaysia
- This contributed to greater discontent from ppl who expected econ benefits from merger
- Further worsened relationship
The difference between Malaysian & SG politics, their main political parties and political ideas on race issues.
SG vs Malaysia
a. Multicultural vs Communal politics
b. PAP vs Alliance party (UMNO, MCA, MIC)
c. Alliance party, represents each of the interests of their respective communities
VS.
PAP, representing interests of all ethnic groups
Link:
This basic ideological difference on how the Federation of Malaya should be governed led to escalating tensions which eventually resulted in the separation
Privileges for the Malays
SG:
- Meritocracy - A system based on a person’s talent and ability
- Free education for Malays -> better opportunities in employment
- Equal status
Malaysia:
- Bumiputera policy - Special rights/ privileges given to a certain race/ group/ community of ppl
- Special privileges in employment, business & education
Link:
Such differences in beliefs and public policies and treatment of different races became a tension point for both sides, which then contributed (smth smth separation)
Disagreements regarding taxation?
- Malaysia collect revenue, give SG amount needed
- However, SG wanted collect own revenue then send to Central Government
- SG contribution to the Central Government increased from 40% - 60% which made SG >:o / :(
What does PAP, UMNO, MCA and MIC stand for?
> PAP - The People’s Action Party
UMNO - Untied Malays National Organisation
MCA - Malaysian Chinese Association
MIC - Malaysian Indian Congress
Name the 6 events that lead to the separation/ made relations between the 2 countries worse
- 1963 SG elections
- 1964 Federal elections
- Anti-PAP campaign
- 1964 Racial Riots
- Malaysian Solidarity Convention
- Showdown in Dewan Rakyat
People involved in the 1963 SG elections and which month was it held in
Ppl involved were:
- Workers’ Party
- Barisan Socialists
- PAP
- SG Alliance Party (SG version of the Alliance Party in Malaysia)
Held in September
Aim of SG Alliance Party and the events that took place
Aim - to win seats in the SG legislative Assembly (internal self government thing regarding making laws fyi)
Events that took place:
- SG Alliance Party challenged PAP in elections
- SG Alliance Party didn’t win any seats [loser…L]
Results from the events that took place in the 1963 SG elections?
- UMNO unhappy cus SG Alliance Party lost
- Alliance Party vowed to reorganise SG Alliance Party to win PAP in next election
- Affected relationships negatively
1964 Federal Elections, ppl involved and when it took place
[federal: groups to represent certain communities to make government]
Involved:
- PAP (wished to establish itself as a Malaysian political party)
- Alliance Party
When:
April 1964
Events that took place in the 1964 Federal elections (stats)
- Political campaign attracted large crowds
- PAP won 1 seat [pathetic]
- Alliance Party won 89/ 104
Results of 1964 Federal elections
- Alliance Party was upset even tho they won and PAP lost
- Alliance Party felt politically threatened
- Alliance Party was :( the way PAP questioned how they governed Malaysia
What were the 3 claims by newspaper regarding the Anti-PAP campaign?
- May 1964, Utusan Melayo (some newspaper) claimed that 3000 Malay residents would be affected by the project and get evicted.
Reality, only 200 Malay families were affected - Newspaper claimed that PAP discriminated Malays in SG
- May 1964 - Accused PAP of inciting (encouraging) non-Malays to demand for abolition of bumiputra rights
Events that took place in the Anti-PAP campaign
- Campaign was stared using media (newspapers)
- Spread rumours to Malays to spoil PAP’s reputation
- Created more tensions and problems between the 2
Ppl involved in the 1964 race riots and which months?
ppl involved: - UMNO - PAP Months: - July 1964 - September 1964
When & what happened during the 1964 Race Riots?
- During the birthday celebration of Prophet Muhammamd in July 1964, there was a clash between Chinese and Malay communities (approx. 25,000 ppl total)
- It turned into a full-blown race riot
> Killed 23
> Injured 454
What lead to the (July) 1964 race riots?
- Alliance Party’s anti-PAP campaign created tensions and anger between the Chinese and Malays in SG >:o
- Tensions turned into violence during celebration
- Island-wide curfew imposed (ppl stayed inside cus it was dangerous)
Results of the (July) 1964 race riots?
[General public]
- Damage of properties
- Fear and suspicion between the Chinese and Malays
What happened after another racial riot broke out in September 1964?
- Alliance Party and PAP agreed not to raise any racial matters
- Also agreed not to challenge each other politically in elections for next 2 yrs
Overall consequence of the 1964 riots
36 killed
560 injured
What was the Malaysian Solidarity Convention and when did it take place
What:
- Political party was formed by PAP and 4 Malaysian political parties to oppose (Malaysian) Alliance Party
[Wanted a Malaysian Malaysia - Equal status regardless of community or race]
When:
- May 1965
Results of the Malaysian Solidarity Convention
- Alliance Party felt very upset and betrayed
- Some UMNO leaders called for LKY’s arrest
- This caused further strain in relationships between UMNO and PAP
What was the showdown in Dewan Rakyat about/ reason it was held, and when did it take place.
- Parliamentary debate (a debate that talks about government policy, new laws and current issues)
- General references were made to “threats within the country” and debates caused tension to rise again
May 1965
