Anton van Leeuwenhoek
use magnifying glass, described live microorganisms
Robert Hooke - cell theory
living things are composed of cells
Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden - cell theory
cell is a nit of structure, physiology, organization in living things cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the formation of crystals = spontaneous generation
Rudolf Virchow - cell theory
cells arise from preexisting cells
Francisco Redi - evidence
3 jar covered with fine net = NO maggots 3 jar opened = maggots
John Needham - evidence
boiled brith into covered flasks = microbes growth (air?)
Lazzaro Spallanzani - evidence
broth in flask, heated, sealed = NO microbes growth
Louis Pasteur - evidence
- microorganisms are in the air - Germ Theory of Disease = the relationship -between microbes and disease, immunity, and antimicrobial drugs - Fermentation and Pasteurization: microbes are responsible for fermentation - fermentation is the conversion of sugar to alcohol with no air (beer, wine) - microbial growth is for spoilage of food - bacteria that use alcohol and acetic acid spoil wine by turn into vinegar, could be killed by heat - pasteurization is application of a high heat for a short time to kill bacteria - association of microbes with a biochemical change and process
Ignaz Semmelweis - Germ Theory of disease
Handwashing to prevent transmission puerperal fever from patient to another
Joseph Lister - Germ Theory of disease influenced by Pasteur
chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical wound infections
Robert Koch - Germ Theory of disease influenced by Pasteur
bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps; Koch’s postulates (suggests) to prove specific microbe causes a specific disease
Edward Jenner (travel india/china)
gave a person with cowpox virus, then who was protected from small pox Vaccination / protection=immunity
Paul Ehrlich
first synthetic drugs invest; “magic bullet” destroy a pathogen without hearing the host Salvarsan - arsenic drug for syphilis(sex disease) Sulfonamides
Alexander Fleming
1928 discover; first antibiotic Penicillin that killed S.aureus 1940 Penicillin was mass produced
Rebecca Lancefield
immunology to identify some bacteria according to serotypes.
Paul Berg
animal DNA to bacterial DNA; bacteria produced animal protein
Luc Montagnier and Francoise Barre-Sinousal (Pasteur Institute)
isolate a virus from the swollen lymph gland of an AIDS patient.
