Chapter 01 Science Inquiry

Question 1

• What is science?
• In investigations involving observations, what do scientists look for?
• Define controlled experiments
• Define survey
• Define trial
• Define error
• Define case studies.
• Define longitudinal studies
• What are the 7 steps to the scientific method?
• Define lit review and it’s purpose

Answer 1

• A process of inquiry aimed at finding answers to problems and discovering new knowledge about the natural world.
• Patterns as evidence that may draw to conclusions.
• Experiments designed to investigate relationships between variables, by changing one variable only.
• A process of collecting, analysing and interpreting info about a aspect of a study.
• A process that involves 1 attempt to solve a problem being followed by another.
• Indepth investigation of one particular person or situation.
• A study conducted over a long period of time.
  1. recognise problem and define a question.
  2. collect possible relating info to the problem.
  3. propose a hypothesis
  4. test hypothesis (experiment)
  5. analyse data
  6. draw conclusions
  7. report on the investigation
• A search and evaluation of relevant info of a subject to help define the problem, find what is already known, assess research methods and allow researches to relate their findings to what is already known.

Question 2

• How is an independent variable different to a dependent variable?
• Define variable
• Define controlled variable
• Define uncontrolled variable
• Define repetition
• Define replication
• Define validity.
• Define reliability
• Define quantitative data
• Define qualitative data
• Define secondary data

Answer 2

• I.V is the variable changed in a experiment to test the effects on the D.V. Where as the D.V is the variable being tested and measured in a experiment. The D.V is ‘dependent’ on the I.V. As the experimenter changes the I.V, the effect on the D.V is observed and recorded.
• A factor that may change during an experiment.
• Factors kept the same for the control and experimental groups in an experiment.
• Factors that aren’t kept the same for the control and experimental groups in an experiment.
• Repeating experiment many times
• Having a large number of subjects performing an experiment
• Tests what it’s meant to test.
• Extent which an experiment gives the same result each time.
• Data expressed in numbers.
• Descriptive data
• Data collected by someone other than the people who are using the data.

Question 3

-Define frequency
-Name a way to reduce outliers in data.
-List the format of a scientific report.
1.Explain the difference between:
a) observations and surveys
b) case studies and longitudinal studies
2. What is a controlled experiment?
3a) what is a hypothesis?
What did Albert Einstein mean when he said, ‘no amount of experimentation can ever prove me right; a single experiment can prove me wrong’?
5.What 4 principles must be satisfied if an investigation is to be ethical.

Answer 3

• Number of times an event occurs.
• Using the median instead of the mean
  1. Title 2.intro 3.materials 4.procedure 5.results 6.discussion 7.conclusion 8.further research 9.reference 10.acknowledgements
  a) Observations is the process of monitoring something to look for patterns to draw conclusions. Whereas surveys is a process of drawing conclusions based on data collected on lots of subjects.
  b) case studies are in depth investigations on a subject where as longitudinal studies is case studies done over a longer period of time.
  2. AKA a fair test, where only 1 variable is changed and it is this variable that causes the changes in the experiment.
  3a) a testable statement that offers a possible explanation for a problem.
• A hypothesis may be disproved but not proved. Results can only support the hypothesis.
  5. Voluntary participation, informed consent, no risk of harm and identities confidential

Question 4

10. What are outliers? Should they be excluded when drawing conclusions from a set of data?
11. What is peer review and why is it used?
    - What 7 things do u talk about in the discussion?
    - What type of investigation would be best for finding a solution to the following problems?
12. can people taste the difference between 2 different brands of chocolate?
13. what proportion of students are left handed?
14. what is the ratio of male-female in your class?
15. how has a particular person’s growth rate changed from birth to age 15?
    - describe how you would conduct a survey to find out the average amount of time teachers at school exercise.

Answer 4

10. Observations that lie an abnormal distance from other values in a sample space. They can be excluded from the mean if it is clearly the result of an error.
11. evaluation of work by others in the same field. It is used to keep the scientific literature free of incorrect, bogus or misleading information.
    - 1.Describe results 2.Patterns 3.Inference using science 4.Validity 5.Reliable 6.Accuracy 7.Improvements
12. Controlled experiment, 2.Survey, 3.Survey, 4.Case study
    - Create a survey for each teacher that includes a table in which they record any exercise they do each day in 1 week including time.

Question 5

• Why are there always 2 groups in an experimental design and what are they?
• How is the control group different to the experimental group?
• How does average make results more accurate?
• Why is replication better?
• What 2 things can cause measurements to be incorrect each time?
• Define inference
• Define placebol
• What type of graph is used when data is continuous and grouped together in small ranges?

Answer 5

• To observe the effect of the independent variable. The 2 groups are the control and experimental group.
• E.G is the group receiving the experimental procedure. They are exposed to the independent variable tested and the changes observed and recorded. Whereas the C.G is the group separated from the EG where the independent variable tested cannot influence the results.
• You have the ability to remove outliers.
• Tends to represent more of the populations
  1. Variation in the participant
  2. Variation in measuring equipment
• A suggestion as to why something happened
• A substance with no effect that resembles drugs in drug type experiments to keep experiments controlled.
• histogram