Chapter 1

Question 1

the number of people who died over a specific period.

Answer 1

Mortality

Question 2

1. Spontaneous intrauterine death of a fetus during pregnancy
2. fetal death during late pregnancy (>20)
3. Rate in the US
4. What is the goal?

Answer 2

1. Fetal Mortality
2. Still Birth
3. 6.2 per 1000
4. reduce it to 5.2

Question 3

1. Number of infant death during the first 28 days of life.
2. what is the rate in US
3. What is the goal?
4. the US rank?

Answer 3

1. Neonatal Mortality Rate
2. 4.5 per 1000
3. 4.1 per 1000
4. 41st

Question 4

1. number of deaths occurring in the first 12 months?
2. rate in the US
3. US rank

Answer 4

1. infant mortality
2. 6.17 per 1000
3. 28th

Question 5

what is considered low birthweight

Answer 5

<2500 g

Question 6

1. ) Describe childhood mortality
2. ) rate in ages 1 to 4. Common causes?
3. ) 5 to 14? causes?

Answer 6

1. ) number of deaths per 100,000 population in children from ages 1 to 14
2. ) 25.5 per 100, 000. unintentional injuries followed by congenital malformations
3. ) 13 per 100,000. unintentional injuries followed by cancer. causes also include suicide and homicide.

Question 7

the measure of prevalence of a specific disease i a population

Answer 7

Morbidity

Question 8

Factors Affecting child health:

Answer 8

• Family structure (divorced, single parents)

Question 9

1. Caregiver roles

2. Parental Roles

Answer 9

1. critical for survival

2. nurturer, caregiver, provider, teacher, supporter

Question 10

Describe authoritarian parenting style:

Answer 10

ultimate authority and high control. Expects obedience and discourages child from questioning the family rules. The child is expected to accept the family beliefs and values

Question 11

Affects of authoritarian style:

Answer 11

• negative effects on self esteem , happiness, and social skills
• increased aggression and defiance

Question 12

Describe authoritative style:

Answer 12

-aka as democratic parent. this style shows some respect for the child’s opinion. Parents are ultimate authority but allow the child to be different and understand that the child is their own individual

Question 13

effects of authoritative style:

Answer 13

• associated with independence, happiness, and self confidence and socially responsible individuals.

Question 14

Describe permissive style

Answer 14

-aka laissez-faire parents. This style shows little control towards the child. Rules and discipline are inconsistent and often nonexistent,

Question 15

Effects of permissive style:

Answer 15

• children become impulsive, low happiness and poor school performance, problems with authority. lacking in responsibility and independence

Question 16

describe uninvolved or neglecting or rejecting:

Answer 16

• indifference. no rules or standards. child is provided for but parent’s are often uninvolved or disconnected.

Question 17

Effects of uninvolved style:

Answer 17

child lacks interest in school or in their future. Child lacks emotional and self control.
-can lead to lack of trust between child and parent, low self-esteem and anger

Question 18

increasing desirable behavior and decreasing undesirable behavior

Answer 18

discipline

Question 19

1. focusing on the child’s appropriate behaviors.
2. focus on reducing or eliminating inappropriate behavior. Ignoring timeouts, withholding or removing previlages.
3. adding a negative or unpleasant experience or consequence for an undesirable behavior.

Answer 19

1. positive reinforcement
2. extinction
3. punishment

Question 20

Factors affecting child health:

Answer 20

1. Gender
2. Race
3. Temperament
4. Poverty
5. Homelessness
6. Violence
7. community
8. Media
9. Culture
10. lifestyle, nutrition
11. stress and coping
12. access to health care
13. advancement and innovation in care and treatment

Question 21

Barriers to healthcare:

Answer 21

Finances, sociocultural,