Why is it important to study life-span development?
- help raise children
- understand your own life
How much had life expectancy increased in the 20th century alone?
30 years
What are some dimensions of the Life-Span Perspective
- Development is lifelong
- Development is multidimensional
- Development is multidirectional
- Developmental Science is Multidisciplinary
- Development is plastic
- Development is Contextual
Context exerts what 3 types of influences on development?
- Normative age-graded influences (things similar to ppl in particular age groups like menopause and starting school)
- Normative history-graded influences (things common to ppl in a particular generation like boomers experiencing the assassination of jfk)
- Non-normative life events (unusual occurrences that have major impact on someones life like winning the lottery or house fire)
What 3 main processes govern lifespan development?
- Biological processes
- Cognitive processes
- Socioemotional processes
What are the 8 periods of development?
- the prenatal period
- infancy
- early childhood
- adolescence
- emerging adulthood
- early adulthood
- middle adulthood
- late adulthood
What are some contemporary concerns in Life-Span Development?
- health and wellbeing
- parenting and education
- sociocultural contexts and diversity
- social policy
- technology
What are the 4 types of age?
- chronological
- biological
- psychological
- social
What are the 3 developmental patterns of aging?
- normal aging (psychological functioning peaks in early middle age, remains stable till late 50s, modest decline in 80s)
- pathological aging (greater than average decline as they age, Alzheimers)
- successful aging (physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development is maintained longer and declines later)
What is the stability and change issue?
the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist or change over time
What is the continuity and discontinuity issue?
The degree to which development involves either gradual changes or distinct stages
What are Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?
- sensorimotor stage
- Preoperational stage
- Concrete operational stage
- Formal Operational stage
During which of Piaget’s stages can children reason logically about concrete events?
Concrete operational stage
During which of Piaget’s stages can people think abstractly?
Formal operational stage
What are the 3 key factors in development according to Bandura’s social cognitive theory?
Behavior, environment, and person/cognition
Describe the ethological theory of development
Behavior and development are strongly influenced by biology and evolution
What are critical or sensitive periods?
Time frames where the presence or absence of certain experiences has a long lasting influence on people
(ex. the critical period of language acquisition is between 5 and puberty)
What does the ecological theory of development emphasize?
Evironmental factors
What are the 5 environmental systems of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory?
- microsystem
- mesosystem
- exosystem
- macrosystem
- chronosytem
Describe the microsystem
the setting in which the individual lives, includes family, peers, school, and neighborhood
Describe the mesosystem
the relations between microsystems; ie. home and school, if a child’s parents communicate with the child’s teachers, this interaction may influence the child’s development
Describe the exosystem
Settings that affect the developing individual, despite them not being an active participant in those settings
Give an example if the exosystem
A husband and child’s experience at home would be affected by a the wife/mother’s promotion that involves more travel
Describe the macrosystem
the culture in which the individuals live (how culture influences development)
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Chapter 127
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Chapter 2 biological beginnings26
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Chapter 3- Physical Development in infancy29
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Chapter 3- Cognitive and language development in infancy30
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Chapter 4- Socioemotional development in infancy35
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Chapter 5- Physical and Cognitive development in infancy28
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Chapter 5- language development and education in early childhood8
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Chapter 6- socioemotional development in early childhood21
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Chapter 7- physical and cognitive development mid-late childhood14
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Ch 8 socioemotional development mid-late childhood19
