chapter 1

Question 1

What are the unexpected development of cellphone?

Answer 1

• location tracking
• camera privacy issue
• interference with solitude and concentration

Question 2

What are the unexpected development of social networking?

Answer 2

• stalker & cyberbully

Question 3

What are the unexpected development of communication in the web?

Answer 3

• telemedicine
• copyright infringement of videos

Question 4

How certain websites earn money?

Answer 4

• advertisement
• funding & donation

Question 5

What are the ethical views?

Answer 5

1. deontology
2. utilitarianism
3. natural rights

Question 6

What is deontology?

Answer 6

• moral duty
• the consequence of an action may have resulted in the happiness of people may not be the right course of action

Question 7

What is utilitarianism?

Answer 7

• resulted in overall happiness of majority
• the consequence of an action that resulted in the overall happiness and well being.

Question 8

What is natural rights?

Answer 8

• negative rights (liberties) = the right to act without interferences ei. freedom of speech
• positive rights (claim-rights) = the obligation to provide the rights to others ei. the right to education and healthcare

Question 9

What is intellectual property?

Answer 9

• intangible digital creative work
• artwork, movies, music, & etc

Question 10

What are the factors of fair use doctrine?

Answer 10

• educational & non-profit purposes
• factual contents
• the amount of portions used
• no direct affect on the market revenue
• reverse engineering

Question 11

What is the case of sony vs universal studio

Answer 11

• sony recorder
• argument = record movies which is an infringement of the copyright
• counter = recordings are for personal purposes therefore no proof on them affecting their revenue.

Question 12

What is Digital Rights Management?

Answer 12

• collection of techniques to control the uses of intellectual properties in digital format
• encryption for both hardware and software schemes

Question 13

What is DMCA?

Answer 13

• Digital Millennium Copyright Act
• Anticircumvention = prohibit circumventing technological access control and copy-prevention system
• safe habour = protect websites from copyright infringement from users of sites

Question 14

What is patent law?

Answer 14

• unlike copyright, it protects physical properties.

Question 15

What is the abuse of patent law?

Answer 15

• companies will use patent laws against small companies on certain inventions which discourages innovation creation
• some companies collect patent fees while not developing any products.

Question 16

What is copyleft?

Answer 16

• free or open source software are made publicly available to use
• in exchange, allow users to create own features or packages to be shared publicly as well