CHAPTER 1

Question 1

Consist of facts and figures

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

Usually informative and time-saving because they condense large quantities of information into a few simple figures

Answer 2

Statistics

Question 3

General purpose of Statistics

Answer 3

1. To organize and summarize the information so that the researcher can see what happened in the research study and can communicate the results to others.
2. Help the researcher to answer the questions that initiated the research by determining exactly what general conclusions are justified based on the specific results that were obtained.

Question 4

A set of tools and techniques that are used for describing, organizing, and interpreting information.

Answer 4

Statistics

Question 5

Help ensure that the information or observations are presented and interpreted in an accurate and informative way.

Answer 5

Statistical Procedures

Question 6

Only picking results that favors one’s research

Answer 6

Cherry picking

Question 7

The entire group that a researcher wishes to study

Answer 7

Population

Question 8

True or False: The population should only consist of people

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is true for the sample must be true for the population

Answer 9

Generalizability

Question 10

Bias is lessened by doing ____

Answer 10

Random Sampling

Question 11

A set of individuals selected from a population

Answer 11

Sample

Question 12

Something that can be manipulated, measured, controlled

Answer 12

Variable

Question 13

Term used for Quantitative Research

Answer 13

Variable

Question 14

Term used for Qualitative Research

Answer 14

Phenomenon

Question 15

A characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different individuals.

Answer 15

Variable

Question 16

The measurement obtained for each individual

Answer 16

Data

Question 17

Typically, the research process begins with a question about a _____

Answer 17

Population parameter

Question 18

A characteristic that describes a population

Answer 18

Parameter

Question 19

A characteristic that describes a sample

Answer 19

Statistic

Question 20

Statistical procedures used to organize and interpret data

Answer 20

Descriptive and Inferential statistics

Question 21

Statistical procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data.

Answer 21

Descriptive statistics

Question 22

Methods that use sample data to make general statements about a population.

Answer 22

Inferential statistics

Question 23

The discrepancy between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter

Answer 23

Sampling Error

Question 24

You expect that there will be a variation because you did something you didn’t do to another group

Answer 24

Systematic Variation

Question 25

Variation because of random factors

Answer 25

Unsystematic Variation

Question 26

Giving a range where the true value will fall

Answer 26

Margin of Error

Question 27

A researcher is interested in the Netflix binge-watching habits of American college students. A group of 50 students is interviewed and the researcher finds that these students stream an average of 6.7 hours per week. For this study, the average of 6.7 hours is an example of a(n) . a. parameter b. statistic c. population d. sample

Answer 27

b. statistic

Question 28

Researchers are interested in how robins in New York State care for their newly hatched chicks. The team measures how many times per day the adults visit their nests to feed their young. The entire group of robins in the state is an example of a: a. sample b. statistic c. population d. parameter

Answer 28

c. population

Question 29

Statistical techniques that use sample data to draw conclusions about the population are a. population statistics b. sample statistics c. descriptive statistics d. inferential statistics

Answer 29

d. inferential statistics

Question 30

The SAT is standardized so that the population average score on the verbal test is 500 each year. In a sample of 100 graduating seniors who have taken the verbal SAT, what value would you expect to obtain for their average verbal SAT score? a. 500 b. Greater than 500 c. Less than 500 d. Around 500 but probably not equal to 500

Answer 30

d. Around 500 but probably not equal to 500

Question 31

An operational definition is used to ____ a hypothetical construct. a. define b. measure c. measure and define d. None of the other choices is correct.

Answer 31

c. measure and define

Question 32

A researcher studies the factors that determine the length of time a consumer stays on a website before clicking off. The variable, length of time, is an example of a _____ variable. a. discrete b. continuous c. nominal d. ordinal

Answer 32

b. continuous

Question 33

A researcher records the number of bites a goat takes of different plants. The variable, number of bites, is an example of a ____ variable. a. discrete b. continuous c. nominal d. ordinal

Answer 33

a. discrete

Question 34

When measuring height to the nearest inch, what are the real limits for a score of 68.0 inches? a. 67 and 69 b. 67.5 and 68.5 c. 67.75 and 68.75 d. 67.75 and 68.25

Answer 34

b. 67.5 and 68.5

Question 35

The professor in a communications class asks students to identify their favorite reality television show. The different television shows make up a ____ scale of measurement. a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio

Answer 35

a. nominal

Question 36

Ranking jobs, taking into account growth potential, work-life balance, and salary, would be an example of measurement on a(n) ____________ scale. a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio

Answer 36

b. ordinal

Question 37

Which of the following is most likely to be a purely correlational study? a. One variable and one group b. One variable and two groups c. Two variables and one group d. Two variables and two groups

Answer 37

c. Two variables and one group

Question 38

A research study comparing alcohol use for college students in the United States and Canada reports that more Canadian students drink but American students drink more (Kuo, Adlaf, Lee, Gliksman, Demers, & Wechsler, 2002). What research design did this study use? a. Correlational b. Experimental c. Nonexperimental d. Noncorrelational

Answer 38

c. Nonexperimental

Question 39

Stephens, Atkins, and Kingston (2009) found that participants were able to tolerate more pain when they shouted their favorite swear words over and over than when they shouted neutral words. For this study, what is the independent variable? a. The amount of pain tolerated b. The participants who shouted swear words c. The participants who shouted neutral words d. The kind of word shouted by the participants

Answer 39

d. The kind of word shouted by the participants

Question 40

What value is represented by the lowercase letter n?

Answer 40

The number of scores in a sample