Chapter 1

Question 1

Nutrients

Answer 1

• substances essential for health that the body cannot make or makes in quantities too small to support life

Question 2

Characteristics of essential nutrient

Answer 2

• has a specific biological function
• absence from the diet leads to a decline in biological function
• adding missing substance back to the diet before permanent damage occurs restores normal biological function

Question 3

Nutrient categories

Answer 3

• provide energy
• growth and development
• keep body functions running smoothly

Question 4

Macronutrients

Answer 4

carbs, lipids, proteins, water

Question 5

micronutrients

Answer 5

vitamins, minerals

Question 6

carbs

Answer 6

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• fruits, veggies, grains, beans
• 4 kcal/g

Question 7

protein

Answer 7

• carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
• main structural components in the body
• 4 kcal/g
• formed from the bonding of the amino acids

Question 8

lipids

Answer 8

• carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
• insoluble in water
• 9 kcal/g

Question 9

vitamins

Answer 9

• facilitate energy release , do not provide energy
• almost every bodily actions requires assistance from vitamins
• organic
• vulnerable to destruction by heat, light, and chemicals

Question 10

minerals

Answer 10

• inorganic substances
• not destroyed by cooking
• yield no energy
• required for normal body function

Question 11

major minerals

Answer 11

gram amounts daily

Question 12

trace minerals

Answer 12

less than 100 milligrams daily

Question 13

water functions

Answer 13

• solvent
• lubricant
• transports nutrients
• regulates body temperature

Question 14

water sources

Answer 14

byproduct of metabolism
food and drink