egypt
- gods
- cleanliness
- nurses were used for kings and aristocrats
palestine
- developed mosaic code
- nurses were hebrew preists
china
- ying and yang balance
- accupuncture
middle ages
- herbs used by women
- med used purging and leechcing
- roman catholic church became big
- CROSS on badges and pins due to church involvement
renaissance and reformation
- advancements
- also dark age as church left and so did higher status women
- famine and plagues
colonial period
- mexico had the first hospital in north america
- still bad plagues
- crude treatment methods
- first hospital in US = pennsylvania
Florence Nightingale
- crimean war
- infection control
- political activism for healthcare reform
- first nursing school in england
- kept detailed statsistics about the effect of health care on soldiers survival rate
dorothea dix
- big during civil war
- organized military hospitals
sojourner truth
abolitionist
advocate for sanitary conditions
susie king taylor
hired in laundry
nurse on battlefront with no pay
clara barton
red cross creator
louisa may alcott
detailed accounts of nurses for newspapers
first school for nursing for black women
- created by john d rockefeller in 1886
- atlanta baptist seminary/ Spelman College
1900 to WWI
- 1910 nurse registration and high school graduation required
lillian wald
the henry street settlement house in NYC
WWI and 1920s
advances
- nurse anesthetists
- red cross became more active
- shepard towner act: assist special populations and provide nurses with resources for public health promotion
mary breckinridge
frontier nursing experience
great depression
- nurses were unemployed
- New Deal: created to rescue the country and provide medical care
- Social Security Act of 1935: affected health care and provided avenues fro public health nursing
WWII
nurses became an essential part of the military and were able to earn a rank
post WWII
- Nurse training act of 1943: first federal funding to support nurse training
- Hill Burton Act: provided funding to construct hospitals which increased the need for nurses
- Black nurses weren’t allowed in ANA until 1960s
1960s
- community mental health center act of 1963
- medicaid
- medicare - led to hospital occupancy increasing, more need for nurses, hospital site became the usual practice site, home health started
1970s
- demand for fair wages
- NPS recognized as cost effective providers
1980s
- AIDS
-homeless population - DRG was developed to help costs
- hospitals reduced the length of peoples stay
- case management began
- outpatient and ambulatory services began
- managed care plans an HMOs grew
21st century
- nurses, nursing schools, and faculty shortages
- covid 19 highlights role of nurses
