Food and nutrition security
Food security is when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.
Principles of Cooperatives
- Open membership
- Democratic control
- Limited interest share capital
- Patronage refund
- Continuous education
- Cooperation among cooperatives
Types of Cooperatives
- Agricultural cooperative societies
- Agricultural credit societies
- Credit unions
- Consumer cooperatives
Benefits by forming a cooperative
- Help small farmers to remain in business
- Allow farmers to learn business method
- Ensure gov’t support given to small farmers is properly channelled and not squandered
- Attend to the needs of members by providing assistance in marketing, supplies credit, technical advice
Conditions necessary for the germination of seeds
W- water
O- oxygen
W- warmth
Water
Causes seed to swell splitting the testa and allowing cells to take up water
Oxygen
Needed for respiration to release energy
Warmth
Temp speed up enzyme, activity and growth
Phototropism
Growth movement by a plant moving towards light/sunlight
Nitrogen nutrients- N
Nitrogen is in charge of the production of leafy crops
Phosphate nutrients -P
Is in charge of the production of root crops
Potassium nutrients -K
Is in charge of the production of flowering
Weed
A plant grown where not wanted
Weed benefit
Provides ground cover to prevent soil erosion
FCR
Food conversation ratio
The quantity of food required by the animal to produce a unit gain in weight. The FCR is a good indicator to farmers as what they produce, the lower the better
Formula for FCR
Total weight of food eaten kg ÷ Total weight gain kg
Cannibalism
Layer of birds peck feathers, combs and vents of each other
Crossbreeding
Mating of unrelated animals of the same species
Inbreeding
Mating of relative animals of the same species
Factors of production
Land
Labor
Capital
Management
Verterinarian
A person who treats diseases in livestock
Extension officer
A person who advises farmers on crop and livestock management
