Chapter 1

Question 1

1. What are the main characteristics that define someone as computer literate

Answer 1

• Able to avoid falling prey to hackers and viruses because you are aware of how the operate
• Able to protect yourself from identity theft
• You can separate the real privacy and security risks from things you don’t have to worry about
• You know how to find information and use the web effectively
• You can avoid being over whelmed by spam adware and spy ware.
• You can diagnose and fix problems with your hard ware and software.

Question 2

2. What is Artificial Intelligence?

Answer 2

AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating computer systems able to perform tasks that are usually associated with human intelligence. The goal of AI is creating machines that generate intelligent output but that do not necessarily mimic the human process
EX. Amazons recommendation engine analyzed to recommend products

Question 3

3. What are the main areas of research for Artificial Intelligence?

Answer 3

• Natural language processing – understand written and spoken words and can interact with humans, using language
• Perception- combine all the data from sensors and then construct information from it
• Knowledge representation- encoding information about the world into formats that the AI systems can understand
• Planning – the ability to set a goal and plan how to achieve it
• Problem solving – making judgements based on limited or incomplete information
• Learning
  Supervised Learning -is used when the system can be trained with a huge number of examples
  Unsupervised learning is when a system can look at data and build rules on its own to decide what is seeing.

Question 4

4. What is a system of ethics?

Answer 4

• Relativism : there is no universal truth
• Divine command theory: moral principles are dedicated by God(s)
• Utilitarianism: actions are right or wrong solely by their consequences. Actions that generate great happiness are deemed to be better than those actions that lead to less happiness.
• Virtue ethics: we each have an internal moral compass and should try to be a person who spontaneously follows that guide.
• Deontology : we should all follow common moral codes and apply those to all humanity.

Question 5

5. What is hacktivism?

Answer 5

5. What is hacktivism?
   Involves politically motivated computer attacks to promote an agenda usually related to cause such as a free speech , human rights, or freedom of information.