Chapter 1

Question 0

what is an atom?

Answer 0

the basic unit of matter with specific properties and interactions

Question 1

What are the four major themes in biology?

Answer 1

1. Emergent properties
2. unity and diversity
3. Evolution
4. scientific processes

Question 2

what is a molecule?

Answer 2

an integrated group of molecules that perform specific tasks for the cell in eukaryotes only.

Question 3

what is a cell?

Answer 3

an integrated group of molecules and organelles, the basic unit of life, that performs tasks at the ultimate directions of Dna

Question 4

what is a tissue?

Answer 4

an integrated group of cells that perform a specific task for the organ.

Question 5

what is an organ system?

Answer 5

an integrated group of organs that perform a specific task for the organism.

Question 6

what is an organism?

Answer 6

an integrated group of organ systems; an individual living thing.

Question 7

What is a population?

Answer 7

an integrated group of individuals of one species, all interacting with one another

Question 8

what is a species?

Answer 8

an integrated group of populations, integrated through their form, behavior and preferred living conditions, these all being the consequence of similar dna and reproductive isolation from other species.

Question 9

what is a community?

Answer 9

an integrated group of all living organisms in an area, including many species and populations.

Question 10

what is an ecosystem?

Answer 10

an integrated group of all living organisms in an area, plus the physical components that affect them.

Question 11

biomes and aquatic life systems

Answer 11

an integrated group of terrestrial ecosystems all existing within a particular region and with a particular climate
aquatic life system: an integrated group of marine or freshwater ecosystems all existing within a particular area of aquatic environments

Question 12

what are emergent properties?

Answer 12

each level of organization is more complex and has properties beyond the preceding level.

Question 13

what are the two major types of cells?

Answer 13

1. prokaryotic
2. eukaryotic
3. a cellular (not cellular) viruses dont have what it takes to be a cell.

Question 14

bacteria

Answer 14

unicellular prokaryotes

Question 15

archaea

Answer 15

• unicellular prokaryotes

* Extreme aquatic environments

Question 16

Eukarya

Answer 16

• Eukaryotes

* Both unicellular and multicellular

Question 17

the three domains of life

Answer 17

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya

Question 18

What is taxonomy?

Answer 18

• the discipline of identifying and classifying organisms.
• from least inclusive to most inclusive
• species, genius, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain

Question 19

mnemonic for taxonomic levels

Answer 19

dr king philip can order family gems sold

Question 20

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 20

• simple and contains no organelles

* membrane bound structures that perform specific cellular tasks

Question 21

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 21

• more complex and contains organelles

* the nucleus is the largest organelle in most eukaryotic cells

Question 22

Binomial

Answer 22

• two names
• first word represents genus
• second word is specific epithet of a species within the genus

Question 23

herbivores

Answer 23

-eat plants

Question 24

carnivore

Answer 24

-meats

Question 25

decomposers

Answer 25

-fungi and bacteria

Question 26

what is homeostasis?

Answer 26

control of internal environment

Question 27

metabolism

Answer 27

-encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Question 28

the sun is the ultimate source of ________ for nearly all life on the planet.

Answer 28

Energy

Question 29

Human beings _________ on healthy ecosystems for food, medicines, other raw materials, as well as the benefits of various ecosystem processes.

Answer 29

Depend

Question 30

Biodiversity

Answer 30

is the total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the ecosystems in which they live.

Question 31

Extinction

Answer 31

is the death of a species or larger taxonomic group.

Question 32

what is dna?

Answer 32

instructions for conducting internal processes | -reproduction

Question 33

In most ____________ organisms, reproduction begins with the union of two gametes from different individuals.

Answer 33

multicellular

Question 34

what are genes?

Answer 34

the units of inheritance that transmit formation from parents to offspring

Question 35

language of DNA

Answer 35

contains just four letters | - A,G,C,T

Question 36

Unity

Answer 36

- same basic elements - same biochemical reactions - common structures - common processes

Question 37

diversity

Answer 37

- within species | - among species

Question 38

decent with modification

Answer 38

-new species arise as descendants from ancestral species, but with new characteristics

Question 39

natural selection

Answer 39

- a mechanism that explains how new types of characters evolve - explains how organisms become adapted to their environment

Question 40

Darwin's theory

Answer 40

- as populations separated by a geographic barrier adapted to local environments, they became separate species - they evolved new derived characters (adaptions) which made them a new species

Question 41

Darwin synthesized the concept of natural selection for observations that were neither __________ or __________

Answer 41

profound, original

Question 42

The inescapable conclusion:

Answer 42

- Fact: Overproduction and struggle for existence - Fact: Individual variation - unequal reproductive succes

Question 43

Three requirements for Evolution by Natural selection:

Answer 43

1. There is a struggle for existence. 2. There is heritable variation. 3. The heritable variation influences the struggle. - Then evolution by natural selection will occur

Question 44

Heritable Variation

Answer 44

- Individuals traits are determined by DNA | - The offspring contains a new set of alleles thats a combination of a set from the mother and a set from the father

Question 45

_________ in the offspring are passed down, or ___________ from the parents

Answer 45

Traits, inherited

Question 46

Differential Reproduction

Answer 46

-if any of the traits in the parental generation allowed individuals to survive better or to produce more offspring than others

Question 47

what is evolution

Answer 47

-change in a population's genes thru successive generations

Question 48

what is natural selection?

Answer 48

-the mechanism of evolution

Question 49

adaptation

Answer 49

-any modification that makes an organism suited to its way of life.

Question 50

The unity of characteristics between dif. types of organisms suggests that all living things are descended from a _________ ____________

Answer 50

common ancestor

Question 51

what is artificial selection?

Answer 51

the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals by humans

Question 52

what is evolution?

Answer 52

is one of biology's best demonstrated, most comprehensive, and longest lasting theories -underlying theme of biology

Question 53

observation

Answer 53

-any phenomenon can be more fully understood by observation.

Question 54

hypothesis

Answer 54

-use of inductive reasoning to form an explanation for the observed phenomenon.

Question 55

experiments

Answer 55

- use of inductive reasoning to form an appropriate experimental design. * control group * model

Question 56

Data

Answer 56

- observable, objective results of an experiment. | * The greater the variance in the data, the greater the probability of error.

Question 57

Conclusion

Answer 57

Data must be analyzed in order to reach a conclusion as to whether or not the hypothesis is supported.

Question 58

Findings must be reported in scientific __________ so methodology and data are open for ___________ and ____________.

Answer 58

journals, inspection, repitition

Question 59

Scientific Theory- joins together two or more related hypotheses.

Answer 59

- Supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data. - Explains all known observations/facts/data

Question 60

Scientific Principle/Law- Theory or set of theories, generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists.

Answer 60

-Explains patterns observed or describes what happens in nature

Question 61

Experimental Variable

Answer 61

-Factor of the experiment being tested.

Question 62

Dependent Variable

Answer 62

-Result that occurs due to the experimental variable

Question 63

A good experiment ___________ for all other factors and variables, so that the experimental variable is the only difference between the control group and the experimental group.

Answer 63

Controls