when did India get independence?
15 august 1947
name of people who tried to estimate India’s national and per capita income
Dababhai naorji
William digby
findlay shirras
V.K.R.V. rao
r.c Desai
aim of British rule
the main purpose of British rule in India was to use Indian economy as a feeder economy for the development of British economy.
before the advent of British rule, Indian economy was characterised with the following features
- prosperous economy
- agrarian economy
- well-known handicraft industries
elaborate prosperous economy
india was a independent, self reliant and prosperous economy.
elaborate well known handicraft industries
india was known for its handcraft industries in the field of cotton and silk textiles, metal and precious stone works.
what percentage of population lived in rural area?
85
main reasons for stagnation in agricultural sector
- land settlement system
- commercialisation of agriculture
- low level of productivity
- scarcity of investment
Industrial sector during British rule
1.deindustrialization- decline of handicraft industry
2. adverse effects of handicraft industry
3. lack of public good infrastructure
4. low contribution to GDP
5. limited role of public sector
primary purpose of deindustrialization of handicraft industry
- to get raw material from india at cheap rates to be used by upcoming Morden industry at Britain
- to sell finished products of British industries at higher prices
adverse effects of decline in handicraft industry
- high level of unemployment
- import of finished goods
foreign trade during british rule
- india became exporter of raw material and Importer of finished goods
- monopoly control of British rule
- drain of Indian wealth during British rule
goods exported during british rule
silk, cotton, wool,indigo, jute, etc
goods imported during british rule
cotton, silk and woolen clothes and capital goods like light machinery
during british rule goods were exported to
1/2 to Britain
others to country like china, Sri Lanka and Iran
during british rule what was the export surplus used for
- to make payments for expenses incurred by an office set up by the colonial government in Britain
- to meet expenses on war fought by British government
- to import invisible items
when was the first official census conducted?
1881
what is the year of great divide
1921
demographic conditions during colonial period
- low life expectancy
- extremely low literacy rate
- poor health facilities
- high infant mortally rate
- widespread poverty
- high birth and death rate
what was the birth rate and death rate during colonial period?
48 and 40
what was the literacy rate during colonial period?
over all literacy rate- 16%
female literacy rate- 7%
what was the infant mortality rate during colonial period?
218 per thousand
what was the life expectancy during colonial period?
32 years
which states witnessed a decline in dependence of workforce on agriculture
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Kerala
Karnataka
Maharashtra
West Bengal
