Chapter 1

Question 1

what is science

Answer 1

the study of the matter and movement of God’s physical creation

Question 2

what are the three major steps of the scientific method

Answer 2

observing, hypothesizing, and experimenting

Question 3

what does it mean when a hypothesis is said to be falsifiable

Answer 3

it is able to be proven false

Question 4

what is the difference between repeatability and reproducibility

Answer 4

repeatability is doing an experiment in the same conditions with the same person and getting the same results, but reproducibility is doing an experiment in different conditions with different people and getting the same results

Question 5

what is the scope of scientific study

Answer 5

limited to the study of created matter and energy in the present

Question 6

what are two reasons for Christians to study science

Answer 6

a proper study of science will lead man to glorify God; people should study science to use scientific knowledge for man’s benefit

Question 7

what is an inference

Answer 7

a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence

Question 8

what is a hypothetical prposition

Answer 8

type of proposition containing an if/then statement

Question 9

explain the differences between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning

Answer 9

deductive reasoning is common sense. inductive reasoning is using specific evidence to make a more general conclusion

Question 10

what are the two methods of inductive reasoning

Answer 10

method of difference. method of concomitant

Question 11

what is a fallacy

Answer 11

reasoning error

Question 12

which fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument instead of challenging the person’s facts, premises, or reasoning

Answer 12

ad hominem fallacy

Question 13

hypothesis

Answer 13

guess; tentative explanation, to describe the process

Question 14

experiment

Answer 14

an artificial situation

Question 15

falsifiable

Answer 15

a hypothesis can be proven false

Question 16

repeatability

Answer 16

a scientist will obtain consistent results if he performs the same experiment many times, keeping all factors a similar as possible

Question 17

reproducibility

Answer 17

the ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions and by performing other experiments to test the same hypothesis

Question 18

ariables

Answer 18

factors that the experimenter can potentially control to test his hypothesis

Question 19

dependent variable

Answer 19

factor that is observed or measured to determine the results of an experiment; every experiment must have at least one dependent variable

Question 20

independent variable

Answer 20

the factor that is changed to test the hypothesis

Question 21

controlled variables

Answer 21

factors that are the same in all groups

Question 22

experimental groups

Answer 22

the groups in an experiment on which a test is performed

Question 23

control group

Answer 23

a group in which the independent variable is absent

Question 24

theory

Answer 24

when a hypothesis passes the test of many experiments and has the support of other scientists

Question 25

scientific law

Answer 25

a theory that is verified by enough observations and experiments and stands the test of time

Question 26

principle of causality

Answer 26

the law of cause and effect;the universe is lawful, orderly, and operates according to physical laws

Question 27

logic

Answer 27

the study of reasoning

Question 28

inference

Answer 28

a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence

Question 29

deductive reasoning

Answer 29

reasoning from evidence to a more specific conclusion; common sense

Question 30

proposition

Answer 30

statement of fact

Question 31

hypothetical proposition

Answer 31

an if / then proposition; if A, then B

Question 32

"chaining" propositions

Answer 32

if A, then B. If B, the C. Therefore, if A, then C.

Question 33

science

Answer 33

study of the matter and movement of God's physical creation

Question 34

hypothesis

Answer 34

tentative explanation of a scientific problem

Question 35

falsifiable

Answer 35

able to be proven false

Question 36

experimental group

Answer 36

group in an experiment on which a test is formed

Question 37

control group

Answer 37

group in an experiment in which the independent variable is absent

Question 38

theory

Answer 38

hypothesis that has passed the test of many experiments and has the support of other scientists

Question 39

scientific law

Answer 39

scientific idea that has been verified by many observations and experiments and has stood the test of time

Question 40

logic

Answer 40

study of reasoning

Question 41

inference

Answer 41

conclusion based on reasoning from evidence

Question 42

proposition

Answer 42

statement of fact in Dec=ductive reasoning

Question 43

hypothetical proposition

Answer 43

type of proposition containing and if/then statement

Question 44

antecedent

Answer 44

condition in a hypothetical proposition; "if" part of the proposition

Question 45

keep going!

Answer 45

you got this!

Question 46

consequent

Answer 46

conclusion in a hypothetical proposition; "then" part of the proposition

Question 47

affirming the antecedent

Answer 47

form of inference in which the consequent must be true because the antecedent is true

Question 48

denying the consequent

Answer 48

term of inference in which the antecedent must be false because the consequent is false

Question 49

valid

Answer 49

describes and inference that logically follows from the premises of the argument

Question 50

fallacy

Answer 50

reasoning error

Question 51

ad hominem fallacy

Answer 51

when someone attacks the person making and argument instead of challenging the person's facts, premises, or reasoning

Question 52

argument from authority

Answer 52

fallacy in which an argument is based on the support of someone considered an authority instead of being based on facts and sound reason

Question 53

criterion

Answer 53

a minimum characteristic that a design must have to function at all