What is the DNA replication fork?
It is the site where the DNA helix opens to two single DNA strands.
It is also the binding site on the chromosome for DNA polymerase and the site where the leading and lagging strands meet on the chromosome.
What is required for DNA polymerase to initiate DNA strand synthesis?
A short RNA primer synthesized by the enzyme primase.
Other options include ATP and a short DNA primer synthesized by the enzyme topoisomerase, but these are not required for initiation.
What is the difference between ribonucleic acids and deoxyribonucleic acids?
Ribonucleic acids have a 3’OH, while deoxyribonucleic acids have a 3’H.
What types of bonds are formed between complementary DNA bases?
Hydrogen bonds
Other options include glycosidic bonds, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and phosphodiester bonds.
What is removed from dNTPs to provide the energy required for DNA polymerase to catalyze DNA strand elongation?
Two phosphates
Other options include two hydrogens, one ribose, and one hydroxyl group.
What is the DNA replication fork?
It is the site where the DNA helix opens to two single DNA strands.
What is the process by which Pneumococcus transfers DNA between living type RIl and heat-killed type SIll cells?
transformation
What treatment of the heat-killed SIll bacteria extract prevented transformation in Avery, Macleod, and McCarty’s experiment?
Destroying type SIll DNA with DNase
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, where were the isotopes detected when the radioactively-labeled bacteriophages were introduced to a fresh medium?
In the bacterial cells
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, where were the isotopes detected when the radioactively-labeled bacteriophages were introduced to a fresh bacterial culture?
The 32p was associated with the culture medium and 35S was associated with the bacterial cells.
What type of bond is formed between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide?
A phosphodiester bond.
What type of bond is formed between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide?
Phosphodiester bond
What is the difference between ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid?
Deoxyribonucleic acids have a 2’H instead of the 2°OH found in ribonucleic acids.
Ribonucleic acids include A, U, G, and C, while deoxyribonucleic acids include A, T, G, and C.
How do the oxygen groups differ between ribonucleic acids and deoxyribonucleic acids?
Deoxyribonucleic acids have fewer oxygen groups and are found only in monophosphate form in the cell, while ribonucleic acids have more oxygen groups and are found only in triphosphate forms.
What is the 3’ end difference between ribonucleic acids and deoxyribonucleic acids?
Ribonucleic acids have a 3’OH, while deoxyribonucleic acids have a 3’H.
What is required for DNA polymerase to initiate DNA strand synthesis?
a short RNA primer synthesized by the enzyme primase
What is the extraordinary accuracy of the DNA polymerase III enzyme attributed to?
its ability to ‘proofread’ newly synthesized DNA, a function of the enzyme’s 3’-to-5’ exonuclease activity
Which of the following statements best describes the structure of RNA molecules in general?
RNA molecules are single-stranded, but they commonly form localized secondary structures (such as stems and loops) by base pairing between regions of the molecule.
Which of the following are classified as functional or structural RNAs?
tRNAs, rRNAs, and snRNAs
What is the first role of a promoter region of a eukaryotic gene?
Serve as the original region of transcription of a gene.
What are the distinguishing features of RNA?
RNA contains a pyrophosphate group bound to the ribose.
RNA has a ribose sugar and uracil nitrogenous base.
RNA contains phosphodiester bonds as part of its sugar backbone.
What types of RNA do prokaryotes and eukaryotes produce?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
Which type of RNA interacts with nuclear proteins to form a ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for intron removal?
snRNA.
What will the RNA transcribed from a gene be complementary and antiparallel to?
The template strand of the DNA
