What does decentralized mean in the context of ethnic groups?
They do not have one government
Examples include Fulani, Igbo, Tiv, Ijaw, and Esan.
Define egalitarian.
Belief that all people are equal, deserving the same rights, opportunities, and social status
Associated with the Igbos.
What is a cultural progenitor?
A person, group, or thing that acts as the original founder or primary source of a cultural movement
Examples include Eri for Igbo and Takuruku for Tiv.
Nigeria is geographically located between latitudes ______ and ______.
4°N and 14°N
It is bounded in the north by the Sahara Desert and in the south by the Gulf of Guinea.
Name the major ethnic groups in Nigeria.
- Bini
- Efik
- Fulani
- Igala
- Igbo
- Ijo
- Kanuri
- Nupe
- Tiv
- Urhobo
- Yoruba
There are also many minor ethnic groups.
Which ethnic group constitutes 29% of Nigeria’s population?
Hausa-Fulani
Other major groups include Yoruba (21%), Igbo (18%), Ijaw (10%), Kanuri (4%).
The Hausa are primarily located in which region of Nigeria?
Northern Nigeria
Key cities include Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Gobir, Zamfara, and Sokoto.
Who is believed to have founded the seven Hausa city-states?
Bayajidda
Another view suggests they descended from early Negro inhabitants around 3000 B.C.
What is the economic basis of the Hausa/Fulani?
- Trade
- Crafts (leatherwork, pottery, weaving)
They have been involved in long-distance commerce for ages.
What is the title of the head of the Hausa/Fulani political system?
Sarki
The political system is centralized under emirates governed by Islamic law.
True or false: The Hausa states were independent before Uthman Dan Fodio’s Jihad.
TRUE
They had a Sarauta system with kings (Sarkis) and a hierarchy of officials.
What was established after Uthman Dan Fodio’s Jihad?
Sokoto Caliphate
It unified the Hausa states under Islamic rule.
The Yoruba trace their origin to which figure?
Oduduwa
He is regarded as their spiritual ancestor, settling at Ile-Ife.
What is the economic basis of the Yoruba?
- Agriculture (yam, cassava, cocoa)
- Trade
Women play major roles in markets like Oja Oba in Ibadan.
What is the title of the leader in the Yoruba political system?
Oba
The Oyo Empire had a centralized system led by the Alaafin.
The Igbo are located in which region of Nigeria?
Southeastern Nigeria
Key states include Abia, Anambra, Imo, Ebonyi, Enugu.
What type of political system do the Igbo have?
Decentralized, acephalous system
Governance is through councils like Umunna and Oha-na-eza.
The Tiv are primarily located in which state?
Benue State
They trace their origin to Takuruku.
What is the cultural celebration of the Tiv called?
Kwagh-hir
Their culture emphasizes kinship and communal life.
The Ijaw are located in which geographical area?
Niger Delta
They trace their origin to ORU.
What is the economic basis of the Ijaw?
- Fishing
- Boat-building
- Wood carving
Their culture has a unique affinity for water.
The Kanuri are dominant in which state?
Bornu State
They established the Kanem-Bornu Empire.
What is the political structure of the Kanuri?
Centralized monarchy led by the Mai
They follow Islamic law.
The Itsekiri primarily inhabit which region?
Western Niger Delta
They trace their origin to Ginuwa, a prince from Benin.
