Archaic societies
- prospered from 8000-1500BC
- diets vary by region
- used weapons and utensils
- gender roles
- had religion and government
Paleo Indians
- crossed land bridge
- were hunter gatherers
- existence recorded by archeology
- settled due to climate change
- engaged in some trade; seashells were currency
Early societies
Southwestern America
- Hohokam -irrigation
- Anasazi-confed. govt (like NATO)
- pueblo-architecture
Early societies
Ohio valley/east of Mississippi River
- Adena-mound building
- Hopewell-spread of Adena culture out of Ohio Valley
- Mississippian-Hopewell and Mexican
Cahokia
25,000 people in a city
Mississippian
Characteristics of early Americans
- kinship bonds
- distinct gender roles
- community child rearing
- community property
- spirituality in nature
- reciprocity
African cultures
-Nubia 6000BC -forerunner to Europe
~extensive trade
-west African kingdoms-trade gold for salt
~Ghana 1,000 BC
~Mali 1,300 BC
~Songhai 1400 BCAfrican cultures characteristics
- traded with Europe so built up immunity to diseases
- Sahara was a barrier to contact
Timbuktu
First university
On Africa
African cultures
- tribes
- extensive trade networks
- spirituality in nature
- kinship land rights
- Islam was prevalent
Rome falls
476 AD
Middle Ages
- characterized by absence of law and order in Europe
- 1000 years of Dark Ages
- medieval Europe
Europe emerges
- crusades-opened up trading routes
- Marco polo-wrote book about china
- Renaissance
Renaissance
- reconquista-reconquering of Iberian peninsula
- euro populations and cities grow
- convert to capitalism
- nuclear family
- Christian
New inventions
- Arab sail
- caravel
- compass and astrolabe
- printing press-maps
America Vespuchi
Hits South America
Amerigo➡️America
Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
Pipe splits new world between Spain and Portugal
Colombian exchange
To old world
-corn Potatoes. Syphillis Tomatoes Tobacco Turkey's Pumpkins Squash
Colombian exchange
To new world
Horses Cattle Sheep Pigs Chickens Wheat Coffee Small pox
Portugal and the “new” slavery
- Slavery had existed in Africa for centuries
- Portuguese changed nature of slavery
- slaves=property
- Africans were slaves
- slaves could be worked to death
Conquistadors
Conquerors from Spain
Hernan Cortes
Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico
Maliche
Translator who helped Cortes
“Maliche” Means traitor in Spanish
Francisco Pizarro
Conquered incas in Peru
