What are the four types of crisis?
- A precipitating event occurs.
- A person has a perception of the event as threatening or damaging
- This perception leads to emotions all distress.
- The emotional distress leads to impairment in functioning due to failure of ones usual coping methods that previously have prevented a crisis from occurring.
What is the definition of crisis?
An obstacle that is, for a time, insurmountable by the use of customary methods of problem solving. A period of disorganization. Ensues, a period of upset, during which many abortive attempts at a solution are made.
What is the formula for understanding the process of crisis formation?
Precipitating event
perception
Emotional distress
Lowered functioning when coping fails
What is the formula for increased functioning?
- Change in perception of the precipitating event and acquiring new coping skills
- Decrease in emotional distress
- Increase in functioning
What are material resources?
Includes things such as money, shyer, food, transportation and clothing.
What are personal resources?
Are ego strength, previous history of coping with stressful situations, a sense of personality problems, and physical well being.
What are social recourses?
A persons support system from family, friends, church, work and school.
What is the cognitive key?
The event or adjustment determines whether the person can cope with the added stress.
What are precipitating events?
Personal crises have identifiable beginnings.
What are developmental crises?
Are normal, transitional phases that are expected as people move from one stage of life to another.
What are situational crises?
They emerge when uncommon and extraordinary events occur that an individual has no way of force sting or controlling?
What is emotional distress?
A rise in anxiety is a typical reaction to the initial impact of a hazardous event.
What are Caplans seven characteristics of effective coping behavior?
- Actively exploring reality issues and searching for information
- Freely expressing both positive and negative feelings and tolerated frustration
- Actively invoking help from others
- Breaking problems into manageable bits and working through them one at a time
- Being aware of fatigue and pacing coping efforts while maintaining control in as many areas of functioning as possible
- Mastering feelings where possible, being flexible and willing to change
- Trusting in one self and others and having a basic optimism about the outcome
What was the goal of the community mental health act of 1963?
By 1980there would be one community health centre per 100,000 individuals, or 2,000 centres nationwide.
What are HMOs?
Health Maintenance Organizations
What are PPOs?
Preferred Provider Organizations
Which theories play a role in crisis intervention? And what have they contributed to crisis intervention?
Psychoanalytical- finite psychic energy and ego strength
Existential- responsibility, empowerment, choices, crisis as danger and opportunity for growth, anxiety as motivation
Humanistic- rapport, safe client, hope and optimism, basic attending skills
Cognitive/Behavioral- focus on perceptions, reframing, goal setting, problem solving, follow up
