Define data
Recorded values whether numbers or labels, together with their context (p. 1)
Define data table
An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable (p. 3)
Define context
The context ideally tells who was measured, what was measured, how the data were collected, and when and why the study was performed (p. 3)
Define case
An individual about whom or which we have data (p. 3)
Define respondent
Someone who answers, or responds to, a survey (p. 4)
Define subject
A human experimental unit. Also called a participant (p. 4)
Define participent
A human experimental unit. Also called a subject (p. 4)
Define experimental unit
An individual in a study for which or for whom data values are recorded. Human experimental units are often called participants or subjects (p. 4)
Define record
Information about an individual in a database (p. 4)
Define sample
A subset of a population, examined in hope of learning about the population (p. 4)
Define population
An entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn (p. 4)
Define variable
A variable hold information about the same characteristic for many cases (p. 5)
Define categorical (or qualitative) variable
A variable that names categories with words or numerals (p. 5)
Define nominal variable
A variable whose values are used only to name categories (p. 5)
Define quantitative variable
A variable in which numbers are values of measured quantities with units (p. 5)
Define unit
A quantity or amount adopted as a standard of measurement, such as dollars, hours, or grams (p. 5)
Define identifier variable
A categorical variable that records a unique value for each case, used to name or identify it (p. 6)
Define ordinal variable
variable whose categorical values possess some kind of order (p. 7)
