Benefits of public speaking
- Confidence
- Critical thinking skills
- Adaptability
- Fine-tuning verbal and nonverbal skills
- Problem-solving
- Research and analysis
- Leadership development
- Influence
Linear model of communication
One way; one channel (eg. Monologue)
Transactional model of communication
Two ways and involves feedback; sender to receiver, then receiver back to sender.
Are persuasion and ethics connected?
Yes they are always connected.
Hearing
Physiological
Listening
Psychological. Involves attending, understanding, responding, and remembering a message. It takes more effort, commitment, focus, and energy. (I.e. Required you to engage)
Things to do to reduce the impact of communication apprehension
- have proper planning
- think through the audience
- positive thoughts both before and during presentation
Situational anxiety definition
A free or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons
Psychological symptoms of situational anxiety
- stomach butterflies
- dry mouth
- sweating
- talking too fast or shortness of breath
- dizzy or light headed
Visualization and how it can positively effect speeches
Seeing your speech in your mind’s eye. This is essentially a form of self hypothesis.
Supportive listening
Helps the speaker solve a problem; required considerable discernment and skill.
What is an audience analysis?
Gathering information about the people in your audience so that you can understand their needs, expectations, beliefs, values, attitudes, and likely opinions
What does an audience analysis look like?
- direct observation
- interviews
- survey
- focus groups
- existing research
Three most common types of speeches
- Entertaining
- Informative
- Persuasive
Thesis statement
Short declarative sentence that emphasizes the main topic of your speech.
Entertaining speeches
Can either be informative persuasive but the context or theme of the speech requires the speakers to think about the speech in terms of audience enjoyment.
Support
- refers to a range of strategies that are used to develop he central idea and specific purpose.
- used to clarify content, increase speaker credibility, and make your speech more vivid.
Credibility
Believability of the speaker
Ethics
A set of beliefs of what is right and wrong
Dialogical theory of public speaking
- meanings are in people not words
- dialogue vs. monologue
- context and social situations
- cultural influences
How persuasion and ethics are connected
- you are able to persuade and audience, group of people, or a single person if you are an ethical speaker
- ethical pyramid: intent, means, and outcome
Public speaking (definition)
The process of designing and delivering a message to an audience.
Effective public speaking includes:
-understanding your audience and speaking goals
-choosing elements in your speech double engage your audience with your topic
-delivering your message skillfully
