Define welfare state
- system of government whereby the state actively protects the health and well being of its citizens
- especially those in financial need
What term has been used, or is often use to describe the welfare state?
A social safety net:
-catches people in need and is designed to help them get back on their feet
What are the three categories of difficulties individuals and their families may face?
Economic survival, personal, and family-related
What does social welfare include?
Social services and income security
Define social services
Services provided by state and/or NPO; -non-monetary -personal -community Examples: daycare, housing, crisis intervention and support groups
Define income security
Income support in the form of:
- social insurance
- social assistance
- income supplementation (can be unconditional or based on an income/needs test) or through tax system
Define social policies
- rules and regulations, laws, and other administrative directives
- set the framework for state social welfare
Define social programs
-Initiatives that follow from and implement social welfare policies
How is social welfare delivered?
Through programs developed by federal or provincial government
Define public welfare
Provided through the 3 levels of government
Define provate welfare
- Funded by voluntary charitable contributions and/or private organizations
- NPO
- FPO
Define non-profit organizations
-provide a service but not to create a profit
Define for-profit organizations
- provide a service for a fee
- generate profit for the owner offering the service
What is a pro and a con of the for-profit system?
Pro:
-allows more choice (private pension and health insurance plans)
Con:
-favour those who can afford it thus foster greater social inequality and undermine public system
What two broad approaches to social welfare have Canadians gone back and forth between?
- residual view
- institutional view
Define residual view
- social welfare is a limited response to human need (when all else fails)
- targeted to those most in need
- benefits should be minimum to prevent abuse of the system
Define institutional view
- social welfare ensures everyone has a reasonable standard of living and health
- promotes civic solidarity and helps even out social inequalities
Define universal programs
- available to everyone in a specific category (over 65, children)
- a right of citizenship
- same for everyone of the group
Define selective programs
- target those in need or eligible
- based on needs/income test
- benefit is deducted according to income level
Are there any income security programs that can be named exactly universal?
No
Define direct social work
- face-to-face services
- counselling, group work, community development
Define indirect social work
Working with organizations to:
-formulate, analyze, develop, evaluate policies and programs
Define micro social work
-Direct social work
Define Mezzo social work
-social work involving work with groups and communities
