chapter 1 and 2

Question 1

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 1

A possible explanation of for an observation, that can be tested by further investigation or experimentation.

Question 2

What is chemistry?

Answer 2

The study of substances in the world around you, the study of matter and how it can be changed.

Question 3

what is a property?

Answer 3

a characteristic of an element

ex: color, hardness, weight, ect.

Question 4

What is matter?

Answer 4

anything that has mass or volume

Question 5

what is mass?

Answer 5

the amount of substance or material in an object

Question 6

what is volume?

Answer 6

the amount of space something takes up

Question 7

what is a meniscus?

Answer 7

the bottoms most point on a graduated cylinder in the center, (when measuring liquids the liquid adheres to the sides of the glass, causing it to curve.)

Question 8

how to measure mass

Answer 8

you weigh it with a scale

Question 9

how to measure volume of a solid- 2 ways

Answer 9

by either multiplying length x width x height, or by measuring the amount of water displaced, by dropping the object into water.
then subtract the original amount of water by the new amount of water to get the volume of the object.

Question 10

how to measure volume of a liquid

Answer 10

filling up a beaker with the substance, and reading the measurement given(liquids).

Question 11

what is density?

Answer 11

the mass of a substance per unit of volume

Question 12

what is the formula for density?

Answer 12

Density= mass/volume

Question 13

what is an intensive property?/ examples?

Answer 13

• color, hardness, melting point, temp., and density, all depend on the type of matter, not the amount of matter that is present.
• intensive properties do not change if the quantity of the substance changes.

Question 14

what is an extensive property?/ examples?

Answer 14

• mass or volume
• do change depending on the amount of matter
• can not help identify a type of matter (gold)
• ex: knowing that the mass of an earring is 3 grams doesn’t help you identify what the earring is made of.

Question 15

how could you prove that a bar of gold is fake?

Answer 15

by finding the density of the ‘fake’ bar of gold, and compare it to the actual density of gold

Question 16

what is an element?

Answer 16

the building materials of all matter

Question 17

what is a chemical symbol?

Answer 17

• consists on 1 or 2 letters (Au- Gold)

- can be a solid, liquid, gas, or metal, non-metal,

Question 18

what is a compound?

Answer 18

• different elements that are combined in specific ratio’s

- represented by a chemical formula

Question 19

what is a chemical formula/ example?

Answer 19

• Ex: Sodium Chloride (Salt) - NaCl

- Tells you that salt is made up of the elements sodium (Na), and chlorine (Cl), in a 1:1 ratio.

Question 20

what are the 4 physical forms of matter?

Answer 20

Solid (s), Liquid (l), Gas (g), and Aqueous (aq)

Question 21

what is aqueous?

Answer 21

a substance that is dissolved in water,

Ex: grape juice, vinegar, ocean water

Question 22

what does a chemical formula show?

Answer 22

specifies what elements are present in a compound

Question 23

what is a chemical change/ example

Answer 23

• any change that results in the formation of a new chemical substance
• elements are not created or destroyed
• ex: rusting

Question 24

what is a chemical reaction?

Answer 24

• is a physical change
• mass can not be lost or gained
• ex: change from solid to liquid

Question 25

what is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 25

-mass can not be created or destroyed

Question 26

what is the point of tracking the copper cycle?

Answer 26

to prove that mass is not lost or gained during chemical reactions

Question 27

who was dmitri Mendeleyev?

Answer 27

- russian chemist, organized the elements into the periodic table. - ordered the elements into groups based on similarities in their properties

Question 28

what is reactivity?

Answer 28

a property that describes how easily an element will combine with other substances to form new compounds.

Question 29

what is atomic mass?

Answer 29

the mass of an atom

Question 30

what is the periodic table of the elements?

Answer 30

-the table that Mendeleyev created, with the elements that were organized into rows and columns

Question 31

what is an atomic number?

Answer 31

the whole number in each square on the periodic table. each atomic number corresponds to a different element

Question 32

what is each column called on the periodic table?

Answer 32

groups, or families. | ex: noble gases, halogens, alkali metals

Question 33

what is each horizontal row called on the periodic table?

Answer 33

a period, because patters repeat periodically, or over and over again.

Question 34

what are the 3 different sections of the periodic table called?

Answer 34

- Main group (columns 1A-8A) - Transition elements (1B-8B) - Lanthanides, and Actinides (between column 2 and 3)

Question 35

what are all of the elements on the periodic table found in

Answer 35

room temperature conditions

Question 36

what is found along the stair-step line on the periodic table?/ what are they

Answer 36

metalloids, have properties of both metals, and non-metals ex: silicon, arsenic

Question 37

where are reactive elements found on the periodic table? / less reactive

Answer 37

the bottom left and upper right corners, in the middle the elements are not very reactive.

Question 38

what decreases as you move along the periodic table?

Answer 38

the radius

Question 39

what increases as you move across the periodic table?

Answer 39

the number of spikes

Question 40

How many sig figs are in the number .00000003

Answer 40

1 sig fig

Question 41

How many sig figs are in the number 8.1000

Answer 41

5

Question 42

How many sig figs are in the number 501.040

Answer 42

6

Question 43

How many sig figs are in the number 3,000,000

Answer 43

1 (there is no decimal point)

Question 44

How many sig figs are in the number 900.06

Answer 44

5

Question 45

How many sig figs are in the number 10.0

Answer 45

3

Question 46

How many sig figs are in the number 5020

Answer 46

3

Question 47

What is the formula for percent error?

Answer 47

Error/ accepted value X 100%