Chapter 1 Evolution/Scientific Theory

Question 1

What is biology?

Answer 1

Scientific study of life

Question 2

What is evolution?

Answer 2

Process of change that has transformed life on earth

Question 3

What are the 5 unifying themes of biology?

Answer 3

• organization
• information
• energy and matter
• interactions
• evolution

Question 4

What is an organelle?

Answer 4

Small organs and/or structures in the cell

Question 5

What is the structure of life from least to largest?

Answer 5

molecules -> organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ system -> organism -> populations -> communities -> ecosystems -> biosphere

Question 6

What are emergent properties?

Answer 6

Properties that come from the arrangement and interactions of parts in a system

Question 7

What is reductionism?

Answer 7

Reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study

Question 8

What is systems biology?

Answer 8

Analysis of interactions among the parts of a biological system

Question 9

What is smallest/lowest level of organization that is required for life?

Answer 9

The cell

Question 10

What is in an eukaryotic cell?

Answer 10

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus
• dna
• enclosed membrane organelles

Question 11

What is included in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 11

• cell membrane
  -dna

Question 12

What is the genetic material found in the chromosomes?

Answer 12

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 13

What are genes?

Answer 13

Encodes for info that builds the molecules synthesized within the cells

Question 14

What does DNA control?

Answer 14

The development and maintenance of organisms

Question 15

What are nucleotides?

Answer 15

4 kinds of chemical building blocks that makeup DNA molecules

Question 16

What makes up nucleotides?

Answer 16

• sugar
• phosphate
• nitrogen

Question 17

What is gene expression?

Answer 17

Process of converting information from gene to cellular product

Question 18

What does genes control indirectly?

Answer 18

Indirectly controls protein production

Question 19

Process of gene expression?

Answer 19

• DNA transcribes to RNA
• RNA translates into chains of amino acids
• Amino acids are folded into proteins

Question 20

What is transcription?

Answer 20

DNA is transcribed into RNA

Question 21

What is translation?

Answer 21

RNA is translated into proteins

Question 22

What is genomics?

Answer 22

Study of sets of genes within and between species

Question 23

What is proteomis?

Answer 23

Study of whole sets of proteins encoded by the genome

Question 24

What is proteomes?

Answer 24

Proteins encoded by the genome

Question 25

What is the genome?

Answer 25

Entire set of genetic instructions

Question 26

Genomics approach depends on what?

Answer 26

- high throughput - bioinformatics - interdisciplinary research terms

Question 27

What is feedback regulation?

Answer 27

Output or product of a process that regulates that very process

Question 28

What is negative feedback?

Answer 28

Response reduces initial stimulus

Question 29

What is positive feedback?

Answer 29

Response increases initial stimulus

Question 30

What is taxonomy?

Answer 30

Branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth

Question 31

List the taxonomic groups from least to largest

Answer 31

species -> genus -> family -> order -> class -> phylum -> kingdom -> domain

Question 32

What are the 3 multicellular kingdoms of the domain eukarya?

Answer 32

- animals - fungi - plants

Question 33

What did Darwin's theory explain?

Answer 33

Duality of unity and diversity

Question 34

What were Darwin's two main points?

Answer 34

1. Natural selection 2. Species with shared evidence of descent with modification from a common ancestor

Question 35

What were Darwin's 3 observations?

Answer 35

- species usually suit their environment - individuals in a population vary in traits but most are heritable - Competition is inevitable and more offspring is produced compared to survival

Question 36

What is inquiry?

Answer 36

Search for info and explanation of natural phenomena

Question 37

Qualitative vs quantitative data

Answer 37

description-based bs numbers-based

Question 38

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 38

Draws conclusions through the logical process of induction

Question 39

What is hypothesis?

Answer 39

Tentative answer to a well-framed scientific question

Question 40

Deductive reasoning

Answer 40

Uses general premises to make specific predictions

Question 41

What is theory?

Answer 41

Statement broader in scope compared to a hypothesis - Can lead to a testable hypothesis; supported by a large body of evidence

Question 42

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 42

experimental group is compared with a control group

Question 43

What is the goal of technology with science?

Answer 43

To apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose