Chapter 1: Foundations

Question 1

Define mental health

Answer 1

a state of well being in which indv reach their own potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively, an contribute to the community.

Question 1

Define mental illness

Answer 1

refers to all psychiatric disorders that have definable dx. Disorders manifested in significant dysfunctions that may be related to developmental, biological, or psychological disturbances in mental functioning

Disorders with definable diagnosis
Significant dysfunction in mental functioning
related to
-Developmental
- Biological
- Physiological disturbances
Culturally defined

Question 2

What is SAMHSA

Answer 2

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Question 3

What percentage of American adults experience mental illness

Answer 3

21% or 1 in 5

Question 4

What age has the highest level of mental illness with a prevalence of about 24%?

Answer 4

18-25 year olds

Question 5

Describe the mental health continuum

Answer 5

One side is mental health (sense of well being, high functioning), the other side is mental illness (Indv with mild-mod mental discomfort distress generally temporary Ex: mild repression, generalized anxiety disorder, ADD)

Question 6

What three things contribute to mental health and wellbeing?

Answer 6

1. Individual attributes and behaviors
2. Social and economic circumstances
3. Environmental factors

Question 7

Define resilience

Answer 7

the willingness and capacity to support their own wellbeing

Question 8

define stigma

Answer 8

the belief that the overall person is flawed

Question 9

What is the most accepted explanation for mental illness?

Answer 9

The diathesis-stress model: diathesis: nature, stress: nurture

Question 10

What is SAMSHA’s definition of recovery?

Answer 10

a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self directed life, and strive to reach their full potential.

Question 11

What are the 10 guiding principles of recovery?

Answer 11

1. recovery emerges from hope
2. recovery is person driven
3. recovery occurs through many pathways
4. recovery is holistic
5. recovery is supported by peers and allies
6. recovery is supported through relationships and social networks
7. recovery is culturally based and influenced
8. recovery is supported by addressing trauma
9. recovery involved individual, family, and community strengths and responsibility
10. recovery is based on respect

Question 12

When was the decade of mental health

Answer 12

1990 also known as decade of the brain

Question 13

Who are QSEN

Answer 13

Quality and safety education for nurses promote the following key areas of care:

Patient centered

Teamwork and collaboration

evidence based practice

quality improvement

safety

informatics

Question 14

define epidemiology as it applies to mental health

Answer 14

the quantitative study of the distribution of mental disorders in human populations

Question 15

define comorbidity

Answer 15

the presence of two or more disorders that occur at the same time or i sequence. Ex: diabetes and schizophrenia due to the ide effects of antipsychotic medications

Question 16

Describe the difference between incidence and prevalence

Answer 16

Incidence conveys info about the risks of contracting a disease. it refers to the number f new cases of mental disorders in a healthy population within a given period of time, usually annually.

Prevalence describes the total number of cases, new and existing, in a given population during a specific period of time, regardless of when they became ill.

Question 17

what are the two major systems of classification in the US

Answer 17

The Diagnostic Statistic manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Latest edition released in 2013 called the DSM-5.

The International Classification of Diseases with a clinical modification (ICD-10-CM)

Question 18

what are 4 traits of someone who is mentally healthy?

Answer 18

 Able to recognize own potential
 Cope with normal stress
 Work productively
 Make contribution to community

Question 19

Define resilience

Answer 19

Ability and capacity to secure resources needed
to support well-being
 Characterized by
 Optimism
 Sense of mastery
 Competence
 Essential to recovery

Question 20

What are risk factors of mental illness?

Answer 20

inborn vulnerability, poor social environment, economic hardship, poor health policy

Question 21

What is the main protective factor from mental illness

Answer 21

Resiliency

Question 22

Mental Health Parity Act (1996)

Answer 22

 Parity = Equivalence
 Required insurance companies to provide equal
treatment coverage for psychiatric disorders

DIDNT WORK

Question 23

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Answer 23

• Coverage for most uninsured Americans through
  expanded Medicaid eligibility (for very poor)
• insurances CAN’T MAKE YOU HAVE A HIGHER PREMIUM OR NOT PAY DUE TO PREXISTING CONDITION
• Created health insurance exchanges to offer more
  choices
• “Insurance mandate” for coverage
• Mental health is considered an essential benefit that has no annual or lifetime dollar limits
• insurance coverage until age 26

Question 24

What is the leading cause of disability in U.S. at 6.7% prevalence over 12 months

Answer 24

Major depressive disorder

Question 25

When is generalized anxiety disorder risk the highest?

Answer 25

Generalized anxiety: 3.1% prevalence over 12 months; risk is highest between childhood and middle age

Question 26

When does panic disorder usually begin?

Answer 26

Panic disorder: 2.7% prevalence over 12 months; typically begins in adolescence; 1 in 3 develop agoraphobia

Question 27

T/F: Schizophrenia affects more men than women

Answer 27

False; Schizophrenia: 1.1% prevalence over 12 months; affects men and women equally

Question 28

What is clinical epidemiology?

Answer 28

Groups treated for specific mental disorders studied for  Natural history of illness  Diagnostic screening tests  Interventions Results used to describe frequency of  Mental disorders  Symptoms appearing together

Question 29

Difference between DSM-5 and ICD-10_CM

Answer 29

DSM-5 Official medical guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing psychiatric disorders ICD-10_CM: Clinical descriptions of mental and behavior disorders  2 broad classifications  Subclassifications

Question 30

Describe the four major traits of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses

Answer 30

 Promoting mental health through assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of behavioral and mental disorders  Use nursing, psychosocial, neurobiological theories and research  Work with people throughout the life span  Employed in a variety of settings and among varied populations