Chapter 1 Grammar

Question 1

Uses of the nominative case

Answer 1

• used for the subject of a sentence

- used for the predicate nominative

Question 2

Uses of the dative case

Answer 2

• used to express the person or things interested in or affected by the action of a verb
• usually corresponds to a translation using the English prepositions “(with reference) to” or “for;” those notions are included in the dative itself in Latin
• includes the subsets “dative of reference” and “dative of indirect object”
• appears most often with verbs of giving, showing, and telling

Question 3

Uses of the genitive case

Answer 3

• used to qualify or limit another noun, including through the specific usage as a “genitive of possession”
• usually corresponds to a translation using the English preposition “of”
• does not require a preposition in Latin because it contains the idea of “of” within it
• the genitive singular is used to identify the declension of a noun, and it is also the form from which the stem of a noun is derived

Question 4

Use of the accusative case

Answer 4

• used for the direct object (“accusative, direct object”)

- used following certain prepositions that express motion toward, into, around, and through

Question 5

Uses of the ablative case

Answer 5

• used to express separation; in this usage, corresponds to a translation using “from”
• used to express association or instrument; in this usage, corresponds to a translation using “with” or “by” (includes the “ablative of accompaniment” and the “ablative of means/instrument”)
• used to express location; in this usage, corresponds to a translation using “in,” “on,” or “at”

Question 6

Use of vocative case

Answer 6

-used for direct address

Question 7

The five declensions (classified by genitive singular endings)

Answer 7

1st declension:  -ae
2nd declension:  -ī
3rd declension:  -is
4th declension: ūs
5th declension: eī/ēī