1
Q
Scientific study of processes of change and stability throughout the human life span.
A
Human Development
2
Q
Concept of human development as a lifelong process, which can be studied scientifically. The “womb to tomb” compromising the entirely human life span from conception to death.
A
Life-Span Development
3
Q
Goals of Human Development
A
- Describe
- Explain
- Predict
- Intervene
4
Q
When most children say their first word or how large their vocabulary is at a certain age
A
Describe
5
Q
They then attempt to ____ how children acquire language and why some children learn to speak later than usual.
A
Explain
6
Q
This knowledge may make it possible to predict future behavior, such as the likelihood that a child will have serious speech problems.
A
Predict
7
Q
An understanding of how language develops may be used to ____ in development. (for example, by giving a child speech therapy)
A
Intervene
8
Q
Under the Study of Human Development: Basic Concepts, what is the 3 Domains/Aspects of Development?
A
- Physical Development
- Cognitive Development
- Psychosocial Development
9
Q
Growth of body and brain, including patterns of change in sensory capacities, motor skills, and health.
A
Physical Development
10
Q
Pattern of change in mental abilities, such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
A
Cognitive Development
11
Q
Pattern of change in emotions, personality, and social relationships.
A
Psychosocial Development
12
Q
A concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to those who accept it, but that in reality is an invention of a particular culture or society.
…
It is a division of the life span into periods.
A
Social Construction
13
Q
Typical Major Developments in Eight Periods of Human Development
A
- Prenatal Period (Conception to Birth)
- Infancy and Toddlerhood (Birth to Age 3)
- Early Childhood (Age 3 to 6)
- Middle Childhood ( Age 6 to 11)
- Adolescence (Age 11 to about 20)
- Emerging and Young Adulthood (Age 20 to 40)
- Middle Adulthood (Age 40 to 65)
- Late Adulthood (Age 65 and over)
14
Q
____ occurs by normal fertilization or other means.
A
Conception
15
Q
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
- The genetic endowment interacts with environmental influences from the start.
- Basic body structures and organs form; brain growth spurt begins.
- Physical growth is the most rapid in the life span.
- Vulnerability to environmental influences is great.
A
Physical Development - Prenatal Period
16
Q
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
- Abilities to learn and remember and to respond to sensory stimuli are developing.
A
Cognitive Developement - Prenatal Period
17
Q
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
- Fetus responds to mother’s voice and develops a preference for it.
A
Psychosocial Development - Prenatal Period
18
Q
- All senses and body systems operate at birth to varying degrees.
- The brain grows in complexity and is highly sensitive to environmental influence.
- Physical growth and development of motor skills are rapid.
A
19
Q
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
- All senses and body systems operate at birth to varying degrees.
- The brain grows in complexity and is highly sensitive to environmental influence.
- Physical growth and development of motor skills are rapid.
A
Physical Development - Infancy and Toddlerhood
20
Q
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
- Abilities to learn and remember are present, even in early weeks.
- Use of symbols and ability to solve problems develop by end of second year.
- Comprehension and use of language develop rapidly.
A
Cognitive Development - Infancy and Toddlerhood
21
Q
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
- Attachments to parents and others form.
- Self-awareness develops.
- Shift from dependence toward autonomy occurs.
- Interest in other children increases.
A
Psychosocial Development - Infancy and Toddlerhood
22
Q
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
- Thinking is somewhat egocentric, but understanding of other people’s perspectives
grows. - Cognitive immaturity results in some illogical ideas about the world.
- Memory and language improve.
- Intelligence becomes more predictable.
- Preschool experience is common, and kindergarten experience is more so.
A
Cognitive Development - Early Childhood
22
Q
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
- Self-concept becomes more complex, affecting self-esteem.
- Coregulation reflects gradual shift in control from parents to child.
- Peers assume central importance.
A
Psychosocial Development - Middle Childhood
22
Q
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
- Self-concept and understanding of emotions become more complex; self-esteem is global.
- Independence, initiative, and self-control increase.
- Gender identity develops.
- Play becomes more imaginative, more elaborate, and usually more social.
- Altruism, aggression, and fearfulness are common.
- Family is still the focus of social life, but other children become more important.
A
Psychosocial Development - Early Childhood
22
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Growth is steady; appearance becomes more slender and proportions more adultlike.
* Appetite diminishes, and sleep problems are common.
* Handedness appears; fine and gross motor skills and strength improve.
Physical Developement - Early Childhood
22
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Growth slows.
* Strength and athletic skills improve.
* Respiratory illnesses are common, but health is generally better than at any other time in the life span.
Physical Development - Middle Childhood
22
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Egocentrism diminishes.
* Children begin to think logically but concretely.
* Memory and language skills increase.
* Cognitive gains permit children to benefit from formal schooling.
* Some children show special educational needs and strengths.
Cognitive Development - Middle Childhood
23
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Physical growth and other changes are rapid and profound.
* Reproductive maturity occurs.
* Major health risks arise from behavioral issues, such as eating disorders and drug abuse.
Physical Development - Adolescence
24
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Ability to think abstractly and use scientific reasoning develops.
* Immature thinking persists in some attitudes and behaviors.
* Education focuses on preparation for college or vocation.
Cognitive Development - Adolescence
25
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Search for identity, including sexual identity, becomes central.
* Relationships with parents are generally good.
* Peer group may exert a positive or negative influence.
Psychosocial Development - Adolescence
26
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Physical condition peaks, then declines slightly.
* Lifestyle choices influence health.
Physical Development - Emerging and Young Adulthood
27
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Thought and moral judgments become more complex.
* Educational and occupational choices are made, sometimes after period of exploration.
Cognitive Development - Emerging and Young Adulthood
28
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Personality traits and styles become relatively stable, but changes in personality may be influenced by life stages and events.
* Intimate relationships and personal lifestyles are established but may not be lasting.
* Most people marry, and most become parents.
Psychosocial Development - Emerging and Young Adulthood
29
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Slow deterioration of sensory abilities, health, stamina, and strength may begin, but individual differences are wide.
* Women experience menopause.
Physical Development - Middle Adulthood
30
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Mental abilities peak; expertise and practical problem-solving skills are high.
* Creative output may decline but improve in quality.
* For some, career success and earning powers peak; for others, burnout or career change may occur.
Cognitive Development - Middle Adulthood
31
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Sense of identity continues to develop; midlife transition may occur.
* Dual responsibilities of caring for children and parents may cause stress.
* Launching of children leaves empty nest.
Psychosocial Development - Middle Adulthood
32
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Most people are healthy and active, although health and physical abilities generally decline.
* Slowing of reaction time affects some aspects of functioning.
Physical Development - Late Adulthood
33
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Most people are mentally alert;
* Although intelligence and memory may deteriorate in some areas, most people find ways to compensate.
Cognitive Development - Late Adulthood
34
What Major Development in Eight Periods of Human Development the following definition;
* Retirement from workforce may occur and may offer new options for use of time.
* People develop more flexible strategies to cope with personal losses and impending death.
* Relationships with family and close friends can provide important support.
* Search for meaning in life assumes central importance.
Psychosocial Development - Late Adulthood
35
Differences in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes.
Individual Differences
36
Inborn traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents.
Heredity
37
Totality of nonhereditary, or experiential, influences on development.
Environment
38
heredity and biological processes
nature
39
environmental influences
nurture
40
Unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes.
Maturation
41
Two-generational kinship, economic, and household unit consisting of one or two parents and their biological children, adopted children, or stepchildren.
Nuclear Family
42
Multigenerational kinship network of parents, children, and other relatives, sometimes living together in an extended-family household.
Extended Family
43
Combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or fam ily, including income, education, and occupation.
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
44
Conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome.
Risk Factors
45
A society’s or group’s total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language, and physical products—all learned behavior, passed on from parents to children.
Culture
46
A group united by ancestry, race, religion, language, or national origins, which contribute to a sense of shared identity.
Ethnic Group
47
Overgeneralization about an ethnic or cultural group that obscures differences within the group.
Ethnic Gloss
48
Characteristic of an event that occurs in
a similar way for most people in a
group.
Normative
49
A group of people strongly influenced
by a major historical event during their
formative period.
Historical Generation
50
Involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change.
Stability vs Change
51
Focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct changes (discontinuity)
Continuity vs Discontinuity
52
Are highly similar for people in a particular age group.
Normative age-graded influences
53
significant events (such as the Great Depression or World War II) that shape the behavior and attitudes of a historical generation.
Normative history-graded influences
54
A group of people who
experience the event at a formative time in their lives.
Historical Generation
55
A group of people born at about the
same time.
Cohort
56
Characteristic of an unusual event that happens to a particular person or a typical event that happens at an unusual time of life
Nonnormative
57
Instinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother.
Imprinting
58
Specific time when a given event or its absence has a specific impact on development.
Critical Period
59
Range of modifiability of performance.
Plasticity
60
Times in development when a person is particularly open to certain kinds of experiences.
Sensitive Periods
61
7 principles / Characteristics of the life-span perspective (Paul Baltes, 1987)
1. Development is lifelong
2. Development is multidimensional
3. Development is multidirectional
4. Relative influences of biology and culture shift over the life span
5. Development involves changing resource allocation
6. Development shows plasticity
7. Development is influenced by the historical and cultural context
62
“Baby Talk”; includes simplified grammar, slower tempo, pitch variations, exaggerated sound intonation, and repetition of key words and phrases.
Infant-Directed ( ID) Speech
63
!NOTE!
Study of human development is multidisciplinary — it draws on such disciplines as psychology, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, biology, genetics, family science, education, history, philosophy, and medicine.
64
A person’s age in terms of biological health.
(involves knowing the functional capacities of a person’s vital organ.
Biological Age
65
An individual’s adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age (psychological maturity)
Psychological Age
66
Refers to social roles and expectations related to a person’s age
Social Age
67
Not very relevant to understanding a person’s psychological development.
Chronological Age
68
This theory states that social & cultural environments also play a role in their development & these are most effective when they are harmonious with the inner maturational timetable.
Maturation Theory
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
flashcards
Decks in class (13)
# Cards
-
Chapter 1 - Human Development73
-
Chapter 2 - Theory and Research75
-
Chapter 3 - Forming a New Life75
-
Chapter 4 - Birth and Physical Development during the First Three Year64
-
Chapter 5 - Cognitive Development during the First Three Years73
-
Chapter 6 - Psychosocial Development during the First Three Years55
-
Chapter 7 - Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood69
-
Chapter 8 - Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood46
-
Chapter 9 – Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood1
-
Chapter 10 - Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood0
-
Chapter 11 - Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence46
-
Chapter 12 – Psychosocial Development in Adolescence22
-
Basta104
