Chapter 1 - INTRO

Question 1

The ________________ model and training in IO Psychology have a dual emphasis on theory and practice

Answer 1

Scientist/Practitioner Model

Question 2

The approach to work motivation called scientific management was developed by _________________

Answer 2

Fredrick Taylor

Question 3

During WWII, IO psychologists began to emphasize areas of Organizational Psychology including _______________

Answer 3

Employee Morale

Question 4

A research topic that promises to be central to organizations in the 21st Century: ___________

Answer 4

Workplace Diversity

Question 5

Who is the father of IO Psychology?

Answer 5

Hugo Munsterberg

Question 6

Who was Hugo Munsterberg?

• his focus?
• what did he publish?
• interest?

Answer 6

• Father of IO Psych.
• focus: Experimental Psychology
• published: “Psychology & Industrial Efficiency” (1913)
• interested in the design of work and personnel selection for jobs

Question 7

Who is Walter Dill Scott?

Answer 7

• interested in studying sales person and the psychology
• 1st professor of applied psychology
• published: “The Theory of Advertising”(1903)
• focus: Psychological aspects of advertising

Question 8

Who is Frederick W. Taylor?

What did he argue?

Answer 8

• helped ignite the field (time & motion studies)
• approach to work motivation: “scientific management”
• argued: employees should be rewarded financially for using the best approach to their work and doing their work most effectively

Question 9

Who is Bruce V. Moore?

Answer 9

• 1st PhD in IO

- discovered: employees were best differential on the basis of items that reflected their interests

Question 10

Who is Lillian Gilbreth?

Answer 10

• mother of scientific management
• published: The Psychology of Management
• invented: refrigerator door shelves and the foot pedal trash can

Question 11

Who is Kurt Lewin?

Answer 11

• Social Psychologist

- developing theory & methodology in the area of workgroups & leaderships

Question 12

This highlighted the importance of social relations & employee attitudes

• more focused on the human condition!!! (Social & psychological conditions were more important than the physical conditions)
• ***LIGHTS: motivates by being there

Answer 12

Hawthorne Studies

Question 13

WWI Focus

Answer 13

• Selection
• Placement
• Evaluation
• Appraisal
• • • employed by the gov’t to train, test, & measure the performance of soldiers(how to keep them motivated)

Question 14

WWII Focus

Answer 14

• How to best apply existing knowledge to specific situations
• Organizational Dynamics
• work groups
• employee morale

Question 15

A research topic that promises to be central to organizations in the 21st C. : _____________

Answer 15

Workplace Diversity

Question 16

What is IO?

Answer 16

Application of psychological principles & theories to the workplace

Question 17

What are some things that IO psychologists study?

Answer 17

• Behaviors of employees or employers
• structure of organization and its policies
• leadership
• complex processes of motivation
• individual/organizational performance
• contexts, culture, and climate of organizations
• match between people & jobs
• interpersonal (relationship/communication btwn people)relationships at work

Question 18

What is in the industrial part of organizational psychology?

Answer 18

• Job analyses
• training
• selection
• performance measurement/appraisal

Question 19

What is the organizational part of psychology?

Answer 19

• motivation
• work attitudes
• leadership
• structure, culture, processes of organizations

Question 20

Skills, behaviors, and capabilities that allow employees to effectively perform specific functions.

Answer 20

Competencies

Question 21

What issues were affect IO psychology and vice versa in the 21st century?

Answer 21

1) Global Competition
2) Downsizing
3) Flatter Organizational Structure
4) Greater Diversity in the workplace
5) Technology- related changes
6) Ethics

Question 22

I need to have skilled, well trained, and competent work for us; bridging cultures in multinational companies

Answer 22

Global Competition

Question 23

• Assist laud-off workers compete for new jobs

- help downsizing “survivors” handle diverse jobs & workload

Answer 23

Downsizing

Question 24

Helping employees work in leaner organizations, self-management (empowerment)

Answer 24

Flatter Organizational structure

Question 25

Coordinate & educate for sensitivity to differences (race, gender, age, ethnicity, thoughts, expectations, culture)

Answer 25

Greater Diversity in the workplace

Question 26

Understanding caused & outcomes of these tech cultural changes (example: virtual teams, telecommuting)

Answer 26

Technology-related changes

Question 27

Examining the antecedents of bad choices & using IO to prevent problems in organizations

Answer 27

Ethics

Question 28

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 28

Changes in behavior occurring as a function of participants knowledge that they are being observed & their expectations concerning their role as research participants

Question 29

What are the 5 concentrations in IO?

Answer 29

1) selection 2) Training & development 3) Organizational Development 4) Performance Appraisal/Management 5) Quality of work life