Chapter 1: Introduction

Question 1

Define career

Answer 1

Roles individuals play over their lifetime, including leisure and community service.

Question 2

What is the difference between a job, occupation, and a career?

Answer 2

• Job - specific role at specific organization
• Occupation - similar jobs across organizations
• Career - lifetime pursuits.

Question 3

How do you evaluate the appropriateness of a theory?

Answer 3

• Is the theory explicit and clear?
• Is it precise about the limitations of its predictions?
• Has the theory been tested?
• Is the theory consistent and clear?

Question 4

How do you choose which theory to use?

Answer 4

• Is the theory the best fit for the client (dev, issue)?
• Does it match the counselor’s style?
• It is easy to use?

Question 5

What conditions must be met for any test tool used?

Answer 5

Must be reliable, must be valid, and there must be an established norm.

Question 6

Define test reliability

Answer 6

Must be dependable and consistent. Take the test more than once - get about the same score.

Question 7

Define test validity

Answer 7

Does it measure what it is supposed to?

Question 8

Define test norms

Answer 8

Having scores from other similar clients in the local area - important for comparison.

Question 9

What are the goals of career counseling?

Answer 9

Selection of an occupation and the adjustment to an occupation.
- Career selection - takes place any time after age 14 - most commonly in high school and college.

Question 10

Name the five ethical codes

Answer 10

• Autonomy
• Nonmalefiscence
• Beneficence
• Justice
• Fidelity

Question 11

What skills are required to be a Career Counselor?

Answer 11

• Helping skills
• Knowledge of tests
• Knowledge of occupational info
• Knowledge of career theory

Question 12

What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive theories?

Answer 12

• Descriptive theories - Describes what people do when they are making choices
• Prescriptive theory - ideally what people would do in making a decision.

Question 13

Define Transition

Answer 13

Movement from one stage to another.

Question 14

Define crisis

Answer 14

Situation in which a person has to develop new methods of dealing with a problem tha has arisen rather suddenly.