Chapter 1 introduction

Question 1

classification of materials

Answer 1

metals

ceramics

polymers

composites

Question 2

advanced materials

Answer 2

semiconductors

biomaterials

smart materials

nanoengineered materials

Question 3

examples of metals

Answer 3

steel

cast iro

aluminum

copper

titanium

Question 4

alloy

Answer 4

metallic substance composed of two or more elements, as either a compound or a solution

Question 5

some facts about metal

Answer 5

• Along with Polymers The Most Common Everyday Material
• Typically from the 1st Row of Transition Metals in Periodic

Table (Fe, Cu, Ni, etc.)

• Have LARGE Numbers of NonBound Electrons

Question 6

metals are good ____ and ____ conductors

Answer 6

metals are good Electrical & Thermal conductors

Question 7

some properties of metal

Answer 7

Strong but Deformable (Ductile)

high thermal & electrical conductivity

opaque, reflective.

Question 8

some examples of ceramics

Answer 8

Glass, Concrete, Brick, Alumina, Zirconia, SiN, SiC,

Question 9

typical properties of ceramics

Answer 9

• HARD & BRITTLE, GLASSY
• HIGHEST Temperature Resistance
• Little Temperature-SHOCK Resistance
• Corrosion Resistant
• Electrically Resistive, non-conductive (Insulative)
• Difficult to Join
• Do Not Weld

Question 10

examples of polymers

Answer 10

Plastics, rayon, nylon, “glue”

Question 11

typical properties of polymers

Answer 11

• Very Light Weight, Low Density
• Very Corrosion Resistant
• Best of ANY Class of Material
• Little, if any, Hi/Lo Temperature Resistance
• Low Structural Strength
• Very Deformable (ductile/flexible)
• Lowest $-Cost: Volume Ratio for Any class of material

Question 12

Composites

Answer 12

materials that consist of more than one material type

Question 13

common composite examples

Answer 13

fiber glass = glass ( ceramic) + polymer [strength and flexibility]

reinforced concrete = steel + concrete [tension strength + compression strength]

Question 14

semiconductors

Answer 14

are materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as most ceramics).

Question 15

SEMICONDUCTORS

May be made _________ or _________ (or Something

in-between) by the Addition of Miniscule Amounts of

IMPURITIES

Answer 15

SEMICONDUCTORS

May be made CONDUCTIVE or INSULATIVE (or Something

in-between) by the Addition of Miniscule Amounts of

IMPURITIES

Question 16

Most SOLID STATE (no moving parts) Electronic

Devices are __________

Answer 16

Semiconductors

Question 17

Major applications for Semi conductor Transistors

Answer 17

Voltage Amplifiers

On/Off switches

Question 18

What are biomaterials

Answer 18

Defined as Those Materials Which Are compatible with Human Tissue

• Classic Example = Stainless Steels

used For Bone repair (Screws, Staples, Plates, Hip-Joints)

At least a few of ALL other Classes of Materials are BioCompatibIe

• Including Silicon

Question 19

What are smart materials

Answer 19

Smart Materials are Materials That Can Sense Changes in the

Environment and Respond with a Material Shape/Property

Change

Question 20

6 materials properties

Answer 20

mechanical

electrical

thermal

magnetic

optical

deteriorative

Question 21

* quick reference *

basic material properties

Answer 21

Question 22

density

Answer 22

is a measure of how heavy an object is for a given size, i.e. the mass of material per unit volume. Changes in temperature do not significantly affect the density of a material

Question 23

Tensile Strength

Answer 23

is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking.

Question 24

stiffness or elastic modulus

Answer 24

The Young’s Modulus (or Elastic Modulus) is in essence the stiffness of a material. In other words, it is how easy it is bent or stretched

Question 25

fracture toughness

Answer 25

is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited

Question 26

conductivity

Answer 26

the property or power of conducting heat, electricity, or sound.

Question 27

stress and saltwater causes

Answer 27

cracks

Question 28

heat treatment ___ crack speed in saltwater

Answer 28

heat treatment **_slows_** crack speed in saltwater

Question 29

Recrystallization

Answer 29

is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of nondeformed grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed.

Question 30

solute = solvent =

Answer 30

solute = the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. solvent = is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.

Question 31

What are Thermal Properties of Materials

Answer 31

Thermal properties are those properties of a material which is related to its conductivity of heat. In other words, these are the properties that are exhibited by a material when the heat is passed through it.

Question 32

The major components of thermal properties are

Answer 32

Heat capacity Thermal Expansion Thermal conductivity Thermal stress

Question 33

optical properties

Answer 33

The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light.

Question 34

\* quick reference \* optical properties

Answer 34

Question 35

magnetic properties

Answer 35

Magnetic properties refer to the response of a material to an applied magnetic field. Different materials react to the application of magnetic field differently.

Question 36

**_Summary of this chapter_**

Answer 36