CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Question 1

Statistics in a branch of science that?

Answer 1

deals with the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

Question 2

What is a statistical inquiry?

Answer 2

a designed research that provides information needed to solve a research problem

Question 3

How to perform a statistical inquiry?

Answer 3

1. identify the problem
2. plan the study
3. collect the data
4. explore the data
5. analyze the data and interpret the results
6. present the results

Question 4

It is the collection of all elements under consideration in a statistical inquiry

Answer 4

population

Question 5

It is the subset of a population

Answer 5

sample

Question 6

what is a variable?

Answer 6

characteristic or attribute of the elements in a collection that can assume different values for the different elements

Question 7

It is the realized value of a variable

Answer 7

observation

Question 8

It is the collection of observations

Answer 8

data

Question 9

what is a summary measure?

Answer 9

single numeric figure that describes a particular feature of the whole collection

Question 10

what are the two types of summary measure

Answer 10

statistic and parameter

Question 11

describe statistic

Answer 11

a summary measure describing a specific characteristic of the sample

Question 12

it is a summary measure describing a specific characteristic of the population

Answer 12

parameter

Question 13

two major fields of statistics

Answer 13

applied statistics & theoretical/mathematical statistics

Question 14

2 sub-branches of applied statistics

Answer 14

descriptive and inferential

Question 15

this field in statistics is concerned with the procedures and techniques used in the COAIP of data

Answer 15

applied statistics

Question 16

a field in statistics concerned with the development of the mathematical foundations of the methods used in applied statistics

Answer 16

theoretical/mathematical statistics

Question 17

describe descriptive statistics

Answer 17

all the techniques used in organizing, summarizing, and presenting the data on hand (uses charts, summary measures, etc.)

Question 18

includes all the techniques used in analyzing the sample data that leads to generalizations about a population from which a sample came from

Answer 18

inferential statistics

Question 19

general objectives of a statistical inquiry

Answer 19

1. Describe characteristics of the population.
2. Compare characteristics of different subgroups.
3. Justify assertions about population characteristics.
4. Determine relationships among variables.
5. Identify inter-related groups of variables.
6. Reveal natural groupings based on variable values.
7. Determine effects of variables on a response variable.
8. Clarify patterns and trends over time or space.
9. Predict values based on relationships with other variables.
10. Forecast future values using past observations.

Question 20

These are the units whose characteristics will be observed and measured by researchers.

Answer 20

Elements

Question 21

Why can’t descriptive statistics be used to make generalizations about the population?


Answer 21

Because the data on hand is simply sample data.

Question 22

What is a key aspect of conclusions drawn from inferential statistics?


Answer 22

Conclusions are subject to some error due to the use of partial information.

Question 23

How does probability theory relate to inferential statistics?


Answer 23

It helps us understand the possible errors that can be committed.

Question 24

It is called processed data


Answer 24

Information