D276- Web Development Foundations > Chapter 1- Introduction to Web Programming > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Introduction to Web Programming Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the acronym FTP stands for?

A

File Transfer Protocol

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2
Q

Define FTP

A

Was an early way to transfer files over the internet.

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3
Q

Who created WWW (World Wide Web)?

A

Tim Berners-Lee

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4
Q

What were the three things that the “web” involved?

A
  1. Text files, known as HTML files 2. A program, known as a browser 3. A set of rules, known as the HTTP protocol
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5
Q

What is a webpage?

A

It is a document that is viewed in a web browser.

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6
Q

What is a website?

A

It is a collection of related webpages that are organized

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7
Q

What is a web server?

A

It is a program that serves web pages to web browsers

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8
Q

What is HTML?

A

It is the standard markup language for web documents

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9
Q

What is hypertext?

A

It is text that has like other other text (and today to images, videos, and more)

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10
Q

What is document markup?

A

It is special markings in the document that provide additional information about likes, formatting, and images

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11
Q

What does the acronym HTTP stand for?

A

HyperText Transfer Protocol

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12
Q

What is HTTP?

A

It is the protocol for transferring files among computers via the web. And a networking protocol that runs over TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and governs communication between web browsers and web servers.

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13
Q

What is the difference between the internet and the web?

A

The internet is the interconnection of computers communicating using a set of rules. The web is just one particular use of the internet.

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14
Q

What is a web browser?

A

It is a program that downloads an HTML document from a web server, displays the document to the user with the appropriate formatting, and allows the user to interact with the document, such as clicking hyperlinks to access other documents.

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15
Q

What is World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?

A

It is the international standards organization that traditionally has controlled a number of web standards, including HTML. **HTML5 was the final HTML standard released by W3C

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16
Q

What is Web Hypertext Application Technology Work Group (WHATWG)?

A

Published in 2019, it is an organization that develops a variety of web standards and whose members include the major browser vendors.

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17
Q

What is HTML Living Standard?

A

It is produced by WHATWG and it is a continually evolving standard without version numbers that replaces HTML 5.

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18
Q

HTML

A

Defines the structure and content of a webpage

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19
Q

CSS

A

Specifies the layout and visual appearance

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20
Q

JavaScript

A

Describes the dynamic behaviors and actions of a webpage

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21
Q

What does an internet packet contains?

A

It contains To and From IP addresses, the information to communicate, and other configuration information.

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22
Q

What does IP address stand for?

A

Internet Protocol address

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23
Q

What is an IP address?

A

It is a computer’s unique address on the Internet (like a house’s unique address in the world), usually represented numerically like 198.51.100.7.

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24
Q

Define domain name

A

It is a name for an IP address, such as the name wikipedia.org for the IP address 198.35.26.96

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25
What is DNS short for?
Domanin Name System
26
What is the purpose of the DNS server?
It coverts the domain name to an IP address
27
Examples of Top-level domains (TLD)
.com, .net, .org, .edu, and .gov
28
Country Code Top-Level Domain (ccTLD)
.uk (United Kingdom), .ru(Russia), and .de(Germany)
29
Who manages TLDs?
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) allows companies and organizations to create customized TLDs, like .church, .pizza, and .music
30
.org
Organization, traditionally non-profits
31
Second-level Domain
This comes immediately after the TLD, such as wikipedia in wikipedia.org. Commonly an organization's name
32
Third-level Domain
Refute to sub-computer syrups local to an organization, as in cs.stanford.edu where cs is for Stanford's Computer Science department.
33
Common third-or-deeper level domain
www, short for World Wide Web, usually refers to an organization's web server.
34
What does URL stand for?
Uniform Resource Locator
35
What is a URL?
It is the location of a web resource on the web, such as http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm
36
What is a web resource?
It is any retrievable item, like an HTML file, image, video, CSS stylesheet, etc
37
A URL is composed of how many components and what are they?
5. Scheme, Hostname, Path, Query String, Fragment
38
What is the definition of Scheme in a URL?
Characters at the beginning of a URL followed by a colon or a colon and double slashes
39
What are some common URL schemes?
http, mailto, and file
40
What is the definition of hostname in a URL?
It is the complete domain name following the scheme in a URL
41
What is the definition of path in a URL?
It is the characters to the right of the hostname in a URL
42
What is the definition of Query String in a URL?
Optional characters to the right of the question mark in a URL that provide data for the web server
43
What is the definition of Fragment in a URL?
Optional characters at the end of a URL that start with a hash character and refer to a certain location within a webpage
44
Define Linkrot
It is the general name for a once valid link that now returns a 404 status code
45
What does TCP/IP stand for?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
46
What is TCP/IP?
It is a protocol suite that governs how data packets are transferred over the internet from one machine to another.
47
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)/1.1
Is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) standard used for most of the web's lifetime
48
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)/2
Speeds-up the transfer of information between web browsers and web servers
49
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)/3
Improves the speed of HTTP/2 by using UDP to transport data packers instead of TCP.
50
What is a HTTP request?
It is a message sent from the web browser to the web server.
51
What is a HTTP response?
It is a message sent from the web server back to the web browser in response to an HTTP request
52
What are the four components of an HTTP request and response?
Start line, zero or more header fields, a blank line, and an optional message body
53
Define the start line in a HTTP request and response.
It specifies the HTTP version being used. It includes a request type and path; a response's start line includes a status code and phrase
54
Define Zero or more header fields in an HTTP request and response
It is a keyword followed by a colon and a value. They supply additional information about the request or response
55
Define optional message body in an HTTP request and response
It contains data being transferred between a web browser and web server - in a request, the message body may be empty or contain submitted form data - in a response, the message body may contain the requested resource
56
Define an HTTP request method.
It indicates the desired action to perform on a resource
57
What are the common HTTP request methods?
Get, Head, Post, Patch, Put, and Delete
58
What is the definition of an HTTP response status code?
It is a three digit number that indicates the status of the requested resource
59
Define a browser redirect
It is when the web server returns a 301 or 302 status code with a Location header indicating the URL browser should load next
60
Define URL shortening
It is a technique to create shorter URLs that redirect to longer URLs
61
What are some common URL shortening services?
bit.ly, rebrandly.com, and tinyurl.com
62
Define browser cache
It is an area on the computer's file system where web content can be stored by the web browser for quick retrieval later
63
Define entity tag (ETag)
It is an identifier for a specific version of a web resource, ex: 34905a3e285dd11
64
D276- Web Development Foundations
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