Chapter 1: Microorganisms and Microbiology

Question 1

Characteristics of all livings cells

Answer 1

Growth
Metabolism
Evolution

Question 2

Other characteristics of living cells

Answer 2

Reproduction
Differentiation
Communication
Movement

Question 3

3 domains of life

Answer 3

Bacteria
Arachaea
Eukarya

Question 4

Hooke’s role

Answer 4

described microbes

Question 5

Leeuwenhoek’s role

Answer 5

• described bacteria

- improved microscope technology

Question 6

Pasteur’s role

Answer 6

-discovered fermentation is a -biologically mediated process
disproved spontaneous generation
-developed vaccines for anthrax, cholera, rabies

Question 7

Koch’s role

Answer 7

• linked microbes to diseases (TB; Germ theory of disease)
• created Koch’s postulates
• developed techniques for obtaining pure cultures of microbes (agar, gram staining)

Question 8

Koch’s postulates

Answer 8

• Suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy cells
• The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture
• Cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal
• The suspected pathogen must be re-isolated and shown to be the same as the original