Give a few examples of distances structures span over (3)
- river banks
- roads
- parts of buildings
What is a beam (1)
A solid structure that lies horizontally in a position
What are beams used for
To support loads over spaces
What is a beam’s span (1)
The distance between supports at 2 ends of a beam
What is an I-beam (1)
Steel beams bith an I cross section
What are the advantages of and i-beam (3)
- It provides stiffness and strength
- uses tge least amount of steel, meaning less weight is required to provide strength
- it costs less
What is lintels (1)
Wooden/concrete beams that support walls above windows and doors of buildings
Where can you usually find beam/column bridges (1)
Over highways
What are beam/column bridges usually used for
Used over long-span bridges
What are beams/column usually made of, and what benifit does this have
Smaller beams, so theres no need for big heavy beams
Name an advantage of beam/column bridges
- doesn’t require heavy bemas
- allows expanding/contracting with the weather
What are suspension bridges usually used for (2)
When tge space its expanding over is very long, usually over water where beams aren’t possible
Discuss Cable stayed bridges (3)
- Modern design for shirt/long distance
- only has one type of cable (main)
- supports deck directly from tower
Which material was used over long spans in buildings
Stone
What materials do we currently use to span over distances
Concreat, iron, steel
What was the problem with using stones to span over a distance
You can only span the length of 1 stone
Give an e.g. of a famous structure with an arch
Bloukrans on Garden Route highs bridge in South Africa
Why do dam walls also have arches (2)
An arch wall is stronger than a straight wall and uses less materials
Name an eg of a single arch dam
Katiba dam
What cantilevers are used in bridges
Simple and cable stayed
What is a simple cantilever (2)
A beam that only has one end supported by being built into a structure
How do cables benifit cantilevers (2)
They stabilize them so the can extend far from the supporting structure
Give an eg of where cable stayed bridges are used
Sport stadium roofs
