chapter 10

Question 1

Republic (10.2)-

Answer 1

Republic (10.2)- a form of government in which people elect their leaders

Question 2

Representative Government

Answer 2

(10.2)- leaders are elected by the people to serve in government and represent the views of the entire society

Question 3

Consuls (10.2)-

Answer 3

Consuls (10.2)-
1. most powerful position;
2. issued laws
3. led the army

Question 4

How many people were in the Roman sennate

Answer 4

300

Question 5

How long did people hold the position in the Roman senate ?

Answer 5

held position for life;

Question 6

what was the most important part part of the Roman government

Answer 6

Roman Senate (10.2)-

Question 7

what did the roman sennate Do?

Answer 7

made decisions about:
1. laws
2. foreign policy
3. finance

Question 8

Assembly (10.2)-

Answer 8

• protected rights of the plebeians;
• could veto the actions of consuls or Senate

Question 9

“Separation of power” (10.2)-

Answer 9

No one person, group, or branch of government has all the power.

Question 10

Pax Romana (10.3)-

Answer 10

Roman Peace

Question 11

Census

Answer 11

a system of counting members of a society

Question 12

Etruscans (10.2)-

Answer 12

Etruscans (10.2)- The Etruscans lived on the Italian peninsula as early as 700 BCE.
Heavily influenced by the Greeks;

Greek alphabet

The Doric columns used in so much of Roman architecture

The toga, often seen as the symbol of Roman dress, was an Etruscan creation

Roman drama benefited from Etruscan influence as well

Question 13

King Tarquinius Superbus (10.2)-

Answer 13

last Etruscan king;

rebelled against by the Romans, expelled in 509 BCE,

leading to the start of the Roman Republic

Question 14

Patricians (10.2)-

Answer 14

• priests
• government officials
• wealthy landowners could hold office

Question 15

Plebeians (10.2)-

Answer 15

common people such as artisans, laborers, and farmers;
could not hold office until they fought and won the right to do so (in the assembly)

Question 16

Gaius Julius Caesar (10.3)-

Answer 16

• member of the First Triumvirate;
• Roman general and statesman, would be consul and eventually dictator “for life” (Imperator) of Rome.
• Murdered by his senators
  ** his death and passing of his rule onto his nephew ended the Roman Republic and led to the Roman Empire*

Question 17

Pompey the Great (10.3)

Answer 17

• member of the First Triumvirate,
• Roman general and statesman who tried to manipulate the Senate into taking Caesar’s power from him was defeated and chased by Caesar to Egypt
• where he was killed (EC he kicked jews out of Isreal)

Question 18

Cleopatra (10.3)

Answer 18

• leader of Egypt
• allied with Caesar after Pompey was killed
• allied with Mark Antony after he left Octavia.
• Defeated by Caesar Augustus.

Question 19

Marcus Junius Brutus (10.3)-

Answer 19

• Pompey supporter pardoned by Caesar,
• Made governor of Gaul.
• Assisted in the conspiracy to kill Caesar

Question 20

Caesar’s nephew Octavian,

Answer 20

Caesar Augustus (10.3)

member of the Second Triumvirate.
Defeated Cassius and Brutus, split ruling Rome with the Triumvirate.

Defeated Mark Antony to take control of Rome. Changed name to Caesar Augustus and began the Roman Empire.

Question 21

Mark Antony (10.3)-

Answer 21

member of the Second Triumvirate,
married ( Cesar Agustus) Octavian’s sister Octavia,

but left her for Cleopatra. Was defeated by Octavian aka Caesar Augustus.

Question 22

How did Rome begin ?

Answer 22

**Rome began as a collection of small towns on the 7 hills near the Tiber River in Italy

Question 23

When was the RR formed ?

Answer 23

Roman Republic was formed after the last Etruscan King was defeated

Question 24

How did the plebians get political power ?

Answer 24

Plebeians threatened to leave Rome and form a new city with their own government, causing the patricians to allow plebeians to hold public office positions

Question 25

What were the 12 tables

Answer 25

Rome’s first written laws were produced on 12 bronze tablets: the 12 Tables

Question 26

how many consul need to be a plebian

Answer 26

at least 1 of the 2

Question 27

Julius C.'s life

Answer 27

60 BCE (10.3 page 1)- First Triumvirate established between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus 59 BCE (10.3 page 1)- Caesar elected consul *49 BCE (10.3 page 2)- Caesar and his army “crossed the Rubicon*” 48 BCE (10.3 page 2)- Caesar defeats Pompey, forcing him to flee to Egypt, where Pompey is killed (same year) 44 BCE (10.3 page 3)- Caesar murdered

Question 28

Civil War (10.3)-

Answer 28

instead of restoring “order” to the Republic, Caesar’s assassination caused a civil war, as many plebeians supported Caesar. Caesar’s supporters fought against the armies of *Cassius* and *Brutus*.

Question 29

Constantinople

Answer 29

(10.5 explore page 5 blue link)- “New Rome,” “Constantine City,” and formerly “Byzantium” the new capital of the Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire

Question 30

Influence by the Greeks on the Romans (10.1):

Answer 30

1. The houses had the same stone foundations 2. The alphabet was adapted from the Greek alphabet 3. They adopted Greek history, education, and philosophy 4. Religion was based on the Greeks’ religion

Question 31

Advantages of Rome’s location (10.1):

Answer 31

* Hills and mountains – provided protection from outside attacks * Climate – made it possible to have year-long farming and a strong agriculture

Question 32

who started the Roman Empire

Answer 32

Roman Empire (10.3) --> Roman leadership passed dynastically to the descendants of the previous emperor; started by Caesar Augustus.

Question 33

Effects of the gap between the wealthy and the poor

Answer 33

1. No incentive to develop new technologies 2. Tension between the wealthy and poor 3. Murder and theft 4. Poor were malnourished 5. Wealthy houses were so big that there wasn’t room to build ordinary houses 6. Common houses would collapse due to low-quality concrete

Question 34

Effects of the fall of the Roman Empire (10.5 explore page 8)-

Answer 34

1. Barbarian kings ruled former Roman provinces 2. Roman culture was eventually forgotten and was replaced by the folk traditions of the Germanic people 3. Severe food shortages 4. Beginning of the early Middle Ages, aka the Dark Ages