eye related norms
societal established ways of looking
ex: not looking at strangers for long
Eye rings: found mainly on other animals
human eyebrows: residual eye rings
eye patches
colored eyelids seen in some privates, but women use makeup for this effect
eyespots
eye looking images on body (animals)
eye flash; eyebrow flash
eyelids briefly opened to emphasize; facial gesture to suggest greeting, etc.
blinking
6-10 times per minute in adults
excessive blinking
anxiety to cut off reality,
gaze
individual looking at another person
- regulates flow of communication,
- monitors feedback
- reflects cognitive activity
- expressing emotions
- communicating the nature of the interpersonal relationship
mutual gaze
two interactants looking at each other, usually in the region of the face
pupil construction
dilation: positive, objects we’ve seen more
constriction: more negative but not much support exists
many stimuli can cause variations
pupil size smaller in asd children
Kendon’s 4 functions of gazing
- regulatory: responses may be demanded or surpassed by looking
- monitoring: people may look at their partner to indicate the conclusions of thought units and check their partners attentiveness and reaction
- cognitive: people tend to look away when having difficulty processing information or deciding what to say
- expressive: the degree and nature of involvement or emotional arousal may be revealed through looking
Left hemisphere activity
intellectual and linguistic tasks, looking rightward
right hemisphere activity
spatial or emotional processing, looking leftward: creative, more prone to hypnosis. etc
emotional contagion
FIND
visual dominance ratio
percentage of time spent looking at another while speaking to him or her divided by the percentage to time spent looking at him or her while he or she is speaking.
increase gazing to increase liking
argyle and dean’s intimacy equilibrium model
why and how much people gaze in an interpersonal interaction
eye gaze is part of a network of other behaviors important to one another such as physical proximity, intimacy of topic, amount of smiling
distance
mutual gaze increases as more distant
sociable dominance
agrees with statements as I have no problem in talking in front of a big group of people
aggressive dominance
I find it important to get it my way
