Chapter 10 - Classification and Evolution

Question 1

List the taxonomic groups

Answer 1

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 2

Why do we classify organisms? (3 marks)

Answer 2

• to Identify new species
• To predict characteristics
• To find evolutionary links

Question 3

Describe the domains

Answer 3

Archaea
Bacteria
Eurkarya

Question 4

Define species

Answer 4

A group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 5

What are the 5 kingdoms and give examples of each

Answer 5

Prokaryote - bacteria
Protoctista - amoeba
Fungi - moulds/mushrooms
Plantae- grass
Animalia- human

Question 6

Suggest common features shared by prokayotes

Answer 6

• Unicellular
• No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
• Ring of DNA
• No visible feeding mechanism

Question 7

Describe the features of protoctista

Answer 7

• Mainly unicellular
• Nucleus and some mbo
• Nutrients by photo (autotrophically) or ingestion of other organisms (heterotrophically)

Question 8

Suggest the features of fungi

Answer 8

• Uni or multicellular
• Nucleus + other mbo
• Wall made of chitin
• Most have a body or mycelium made of threads of hyphae
• Nutrients absorbed saprotrophically
• Store food as glycogen

Question 9

Describe other types of evidence to support the evolution theory

Answer 9

• Similarities and differences in DNA
• Similarities and difference in nucleotide bases
• Similarities in cytochrome c
• Similarities in sequence of amino acids
• Similarities in physiology/behavior
• More similarities closer relationship

Question 10

Suggest and explain the trend in the stability of the carbocations

Answer 10

• More stable
• Alkyl groups have an electron donating effect
• They push electrons towards the positive carbon and decrease the charge size
• • C+ is more stable
• More stable carbocations stay in the reaction mixture longer

Question 11

Apart from electrophilic addition from ethene to an alcohol how else can an alcohol be produced?

Answer 11

By adding steam
Catalyst: conc phosphoric acid
300 deg and 60-70atm