dy/dx=
dy/dx= dy/dt/dx/dt
d^2y/dx^2=
= d/dt(dy/dx) / dx/dt
ds/dt (speed)
rad((dx/dt)^2 + (dy/dt)^2)
distance/arc length
integral a-b rad((dx/dt)^2 + (dy/dt)^2) dt
when substituting…
x=r cos theta, y= r sin theta
polar area
A= integral alpha to beta 1/2 r^2 d theta
polar L=
integral a-b rad(r^2 + (dr/dtheta)^2) d theta
sin^2x
1/2(1-cos2x)
sin(2x)
2sinxcosx
cos(2x)-1
cos^2x-sin^2x
cos(2x)-2
1-2sin^2x
cos(2x)
2cos^2x-1
cos^2x
1+(cos2x)/2