Chapter 10 - Intelligence

Question 1

what is intelligence?

Answer 1

ability to use one’s mind to solve novel problems and learn from experience

Question 2

who invented the first intelligence test for children?

Answer 2

Binet and Simon

Question 3

the first intelligence test was used to identify children who needed “remedial” education, what did it measure?

Answer 3

aptitude and achievement

Question 4

the potential to learn

Answer 4

aptitude

Question 5

one’s successes and abilities

Answer 5

achievement

Question 6

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) are the world’s most widely used intelligence tests, and measure intellience by:

Answer 6

asking people to answer questions and solve problems

Question 7

intelligence scores correlate with a wide variety of:

Answer 7

successful life events and accomplisments

Question 8

intelligence tests are used to predict things like:

Answer 8

• academic performance
• occupational status
• income
• health
• longevity

Question 9

Nikoleav and colleagues found a postive correlation between:

Answer 9

a nation’s average IQ and average happiness

Question 10

Galton believed that intelligence was based on:

Answer 10

sensory and motory skills and abilities

Question 11

Charles Spearman sought to discover if there was a hierarchy of abilities, and found many postitive correlations among cognitive tasks, leading to the creation of the:

Answer 11

• two-factor theory of intelligence
• conformation factor analysis

Question 12

what are the three levels of the three-level hierarchy of intelligence?

Answer 12

1) g = general intelligence
2) m = memory, reasoning, and verbal skills
3) s = specific cognitive abilities

Question 13

What are the two levels of Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence?

Answer 13

1) g = general intelligence
2) s = specific cognitive abilities

Question 14

Louis Thurstone thought intelligence was measured by:

Answer 14

seven primary mental abilities

Question 15

what are the two difference approches to the middle-level abilities in the three-level hierarchy?

Answer 15

• data-based: connects intelligence test performacnce to clusters
• theory-based approach: broadly surveys human abilities and determines which abilities that intelligence tests will and will not measure

Question 16

• memory and learning
• visual perception
• auditory perception
• retrieval ability
• cognitive speediness
• processing speed
• crystallized intelligence
• fluid intelligence
  these are all middle level abilities outlined by:

Answer 16

John Carroll

Question 17

what is fluid intelligence?

Answer 17

the ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical relationships

Question 18

fluid intelligence is often measured by:

Answer 18

Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test

Question 19

what is crystallized intelligence?

Answer 19

the ability to retain and use the knowledge that was acquired through experience

Question 20

unlike many other intelligence tests created by old, white, upper class, academic men, the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test is:

Answer 20

culturally fair

Question 21

Robert Sternberg proposed three kinds of intelligence, what were they?

Answer 21

• analytical intelligence
• creative intelligence
• practical intelligence

Question 22

what is emotional intelligence?

Answer 22

ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning

Question 23

different cultures express different views on intelligence, this can be due to:

Answer 23

• radically different conceptualizations of intelligence
• differences in language
• differences in kinds of problems that are considered important

Question 24

• naturalistic
• bodily-kinaesthetic
• logico-mathematical
• visuo-spatial
• verbal/lingustic
• interporsonal
• intrapersonal
• existential
• musical
  these nine intelligence types were founded by:

Answer 24

Gardner

Question 25

intelligence is the joint product of innate ________ and unique _________

Answer 25

characteristics, experiences

Question 26

Plato suggested that people are born with __________ that make them good rulers, soldiers, or tradesmen

Answer 26

innate aptitudes

Question 27

Sir Francis Galton argued that intelligence was _________, he is also the father of _________

Answer 27

inherited, eugenics

Question 28

people who share all of their genes (identical twins) have similar test scores regardless of:

Answer 28

whether they share environments

Question 29

family members may have similar levels of intelligence because they share:

Answer 29

genes

Question 30

the statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people's IQ scores that differences in their genes can explain

Answer 30

heritability coefficient (h^2)

Question 31

the heritability of intelligence generally increases with the ________ of the sample measured

Answer 31

age

Question 32

relative intelligence is generally ________, but absolute intelligence is ________

Answer 32

stable, subject to change over time

Question 33

the accidental discovery that the averag intelligence test score rises about 0.3% every year

Answer 33

the Flynn effect

Question 34

one of the best predictors of intelligence is:

Answer 34

the family's material well-being

Question 35

being raised in a high socio-economic status an have what effect on IQ:

Answer 35

raising IQ by 12-18 points

Question 36

the correlation between formal education and intelligence is:

Answer 36

large

Question 37

true or false: genes can cause people to be drawn towards or away from particular environments

Answer 37

true

Question 38

brains of low-IQ people are ________ by early adolescence

Answer 38

closed

Question 39

brains of high-IQ people are _______ well into adolescence

Answer 39

open to influence

Question 40

how many people have IQs between 85-115

Answer 40

68%

Question 41

people who score well above the large middle range of an IQ distribution are said to be:

Answer 41

intellectually gifted

Question 42

people who score well below the middle range of an IQ distribution are said to be:

Answer 42

intellectually disabled

Question 43

true or false: average intelligence is a skewed distribution

Answer 43

false, it's normal

Question 44

people with high IQ's are less prone to _________ than people with low intelligence

Answer 44

mental illness

Question 45

true or false: very high IQ children are less adjusted than their peers

Answer 45

false, they are just as well adjusted

Question 46

gifted children spend more time engaged in:

Answer 46

their domain of excellence

Question 47

are intellectual disabilities more general or specific in nature?

Answer 47

general

Question 48

what are the two most common causes of intellectual disability?

Answer 48

- down syndrome - fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 49

may create fear of confirming the negative beliefs that others may hold

Answer 49

stereotype threat

Question 50

what are the pros and cons to selectively breeding embryos for high intelligence?

Answer 50

pros: - first step towards a world of relatively uniform and high intelligence - providingpeople to fill increasing sophisticated jobs cons: - only available to the wealthy - failing to predict the impact of such technology

Question 51

research indicates that these four things increase a child's intelligence:

Answer 51

- pregnant women having a diet rich with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids - enrolling low SES kids in early education programs - reading to children - sending children to preschool

Question 52

what are cognitive enhancers?

Answer 52

drugs that improve psychological processes that underlie performance