Chapter 10: Internal & External War

Question 1

What contributed to the failure of the French war effort?

Answer 1

• not well funded so lacked necessities

- France can’t defend colonies as debt so lose them so can’t fund war

Question 2

How did the defections of Dumouriez & Lafayette impact the French Army?

Answer 2

• lowered morale

- supporters and soldiers of defectors are conflicted

Question 3

Describe the failures of the French Army & War Progress (Feb 1792 - Aug 1792)

Answer 3

• Feb 1792: HRE and Prussia become allies
• April 1792: War of First Coalition begins, both French Armies retreat from Belgium after invading
• August 1792: Lafayette defects, Prussians take Longwy

Question 4

Describe the successes of the French Army (Sept 1792 - Dec 1792)

Answer 4

• Sep & Oct 1792: French victory at Valmy, Verdun & Longwy

- Nov 1792: Edict of Fraternity (promise assistance to people wishing to recover liberty), French take a lot of land

Question 5

Describe the failures of the French Army (Feb 1793 - July 1793)

Answer 5

• Feb 1793: France declares war on GB, Vendee rebellion
• April 1793: Dumouriez defects
• May 1793: uprsings in Lyons etc.
• June 1793: British blockade of ports
• July 1793: A lot of French land lost

Question 6

How did the CGS centralise power (Oct 1792)?

Answer 6

• meant to be responsible for justice
• reduced no. of deputies from 30 to 12

Centralised power as:

• all judiciary had to report to Paris

Question 7

How did representatives-en-mission centralise power and increase fear in France (March 1793)?

Answer 7

• representatives appointed to ensure loyalty and functioning of departements

Centralised power as:

• Paris gave reps unlimited power (increased fear) and they reported everything back to Paris

Question 8

How did the revolutionary tribunal centralise power and increase fear (March 1793)?

Answer 8

• Centralised power as selected by Convention
• Increased fear as counter-revolutionaries punished if disgree with govt. and have no rights (Year III constitution has no declaration of rights of man and citizen)

Question 9

How did the decree that rebels under arms should be executed without appeal increase fear (March 1793)?

Answer 9

• people couldn’t rebel against the govt.

Question 10

What was the CPS (April 1793) and how did centralise power in France?

Answer 10

• responsible for war conduct, army control etc.

- Centralised as based in Paris and all decisions had to be passed through the committee

Question 11

What was the state of the sans-culottes in 1793?

Answer 11

• SC wanted secure bread prices and wages

Question 12

Why did the radicals dislike the Girondins?

Answer 12

• favoured decentralisation

- arrested Marat in an attempt to discredit him

Question 13

How did SC increase power (April 1793 - June 1793)?

Answer 13

• 24 April 1793: Girondins lost to SC as Marat acquitted
• 4 May 1793: Law of General Maximum (appease SC)
• 25 May 1793: Paris Commune supports SC by demanding Hebert’s release
• May-June 1793: 100,000 SC demand arrest of Girondins, Robespierre moves that Girondin deputies expelled & arrested

Question 14

Describe the successes and failures of the external war in 1793

Answer 14

Failures:

• Feb 1793: France declared war on Britain & Netherlands
• March 1793: HRE, Portugal etc. declare war against France
• August 1793: Sieges on Dunkirk & the Rhine

Successes:

• Sept 1793: Siege on Dunkirk ended + French successes
• December 1793: French victories in Rhine

Question 15

Describe the successes and failures of the internal war in 1793

Answer 15

Failures:

• August 1793: Rebels invite British to Toulon

Successes:

• August 1793: Republicans lay siege on Lyon and crush rebels in Marseilles
• Oct 1793: Lyon surrenders, Republicans defeat Vendeean rebels, Marseilles recaptured
• Dec 1793: Toulon retaken from royalists

Question 16

What was the Vendee Rebellion?

Answer 16

• Area in Western France where protest of 300,000 men in March 1793, wasn’t destroyed until December

Question 17

What was the Federalist Revolt?

Answer 17

• Girondin expulsion caused revolts beyond Paris, departements started forcing Jacobins out of office (May-June 1793)
• most risings crushed between July & October