Chapter 10: Network Naming

Question 1

How long can Domain names be?

Answer 1

up to 255 characters including periods.

Question 2

Where is the hosts file stored in windows?

Answer 2

\Windows\System32\Drivers\Etc

Question 3

What are DNS root servers?

Answer 3

called “.” or “dot”

-13 powerful DNS servers.

Question 4

What are top-level domain servers?

Answer 4

• just below DNS root in the hierarchy

- delegate to thousands of second-level DNS servers

Question 5

What are second-level DNS servers?

Answer 5

-support individual computers.

Question 6

What were the original top-level domain servers?

Answer 6

-com, org, net, edu, gov, mil, and int

Question 7

What is a FQDN?

Answer 7

Fully qualified domain name

• complete DNS name
• root on far right, names of the domains in order to left of the root. Host name far left.
• “.com” “.net” needed for computers visible on internet
• not required on a private TCP/IP network

Question 8

What is a DNS server?

Answer 8

A server running DNS server software

Question 9

What is a zone?

Answer 9

A containter for a single domain that gets filled with records.

Question 10

What is a record?

Answer 10

line in the zone data that maps a FQDN to an ip address

Question 11

What is an authoritative DNS server?

Answer 11

• lists all host names on the domain and corresponding IP addresses
• also called Start of Authority(SOA)

Question 12

what is a name server?

Answer 12

-subordinate to authoritative DNS server

Question 13

Where is the DNS info kept in Linux?

Answer 13

/etc/resolv.conf

• where to edit DNS info
• also a graphical editor

Question 14

How do you display a cache of recently resolved FQDNs?

Answer 14

ipconfig /displaydns

Question 15

Describe two types of DNS servers.

Answer 15

• Windows Server 2008: DNS is built in

- Unix/linux systems you can use BIND

Question 16

What is a forward lookup zone?

Answer 16

• ip adddresses and FQDNs for computers in a domain
• requires a SOA
• was at least one SOA and one NS record
• usually have some A record

Question 17

What is a cname?

Answer 17

Canonical name

-acts like an alias

Question 18

What is a MX record?

Answer 18

-used by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail

Question 19

what is a reverse lookup zone?

Answer 19

• enables system to determine a FQDN by knowing the ip address.
• pointer records

Question 20

What is an active directory integrated zone?

Answer 20

• NetBT: Netbios over TCP/IP
• CIFS: Common Internet File System
• originally called Server Message Block (SMB)
• Samba: for Unix/Linux makes non-windows systems act like windows.
• organizes computers into groups.

Question 21

What is a workgroup?

Answer 21

-name that organizes groups of computers.

Question 22

Describe a windows domain.

Answer 22

• All computers within domain authenticate to a domain controller.
• group of computers controlled by computer running windows server.

Question 23

Describe active directory.

Answer 23

• Super domain.
• Organization of related computers that shares one or more windows domains.
• no single domain controller.

Question 24

Describe Common Internet File System.

Answer 24

• can’t add records to secondary servers.

- active directory integrated zone all domain servers (DNS servers) are equal.

Question 25

Describe DDNS.

Answer 25

Dynamic DNS. -DNS servers get automatic updates of IP addresses of computers in their forward lookup zones, by talking to local DHCP server.

Question 26

What command forces DNS server to update its records?

Answer 26

ipconfig /registerdns

Question 27

Describe DNSSEC.

Answer 27

DNS security | -authentication and authorization specification to prevent bad guys from impersonating DNS servers.

Question 28

what is a dynamic DNS server?

Answer 28

- www.tzo.com | - maps home or office router to a domain name.

Question 29

What command eliminates DNS caches on the local system?

Answer 29

ipconfig /flushdns -must remember that web browsers also have caches.

Question 30

what command gives the ip address and name of default DNS server?

Answer 30

nslookup

Question 31

Describe DIG.

Answer 31

Domain information groper | -similar to nslookup, runs noninteractively

Question 32

Describe WINS.

Answer 32

- NetBIOS names still appear in older versions of windows | - LMHOSTS: text file to reduce overhead from NetBios Broadcasts.

Question 33

How do you troubleshoot WINS.

Answer 33

nbstat: helps deal with net bios problems nbstat -c : check current netbious name cache.

Question 34

How do you troubleshoot TCP/IP networks?

Answer 34

- diagnose the NIC - Diagnose locally - Check IP address and subnet mask - Netstat: all current connections to system. - netstat -s: shows statistics to diagnose a problem - Diagnose gateway: ping router, try local and internet - Diagnose to internet: tracert.