Chapter 11

Question 1

is a homogenous part of the system in contact with other parts of the system but separated from them by a well-defined boundary

Answer 1

Phase

Question 2

• assumes the volume and shape of its container
• Low density
• Very compressible
  -Very Free motion

Answer 2

Gas

Question 3

• Has a definite volume but assumes the shapes of its containers
• High density
  -Only slightly compressible
  -Slide past one another freely

Answer 3

Liquid

Question 4

• Has a definite shape and volume
• High density
• Virtually incompressible
• Vibrate about fixed positions

Answer 4

Solid

Question 5

IMFA is…

Answer 5

Intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 6

are the attractive forces between molecules

Answer 6

Intermolecular forces

Question 7

hold atoms together in a molecule

Answer 7

Intramolecular forces

Question 8

Generally, intermolecular forces are much… than intramolecular forces

Answer 8

weaker

Question 9

As IMFA increases, melting point? And vice versa.

Answer 9

increases

Question 10

As IMFA increases, boiling point? And vice versa.

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

As IMFA increases, viscosity? And vice versa.

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

As IMFA increases, surface tension? And vice versa

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

As IMFA increases, vapor pressure? And vice versa.

Answer 13

decreases

Question 14

attractive forces between polar molecules

Answer 14

Dipole-dipole forces

Question 15

attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule

Answer 15

Ion-Dipole Forces

Question 16

attractive forces between ions

Answer 16

Ionic bond

Question 17

• attraction due to constant motion of electrons
• will cause temporary concentration of charge on one side of an atom or molecule
• exist between all molecules

Answer 17

London Dispersion Forces or Van der Waals interaction

Question 18

attractive forces that arise as a result of temporary induced dipoles in atoms or molecules

Answer 18

Dispersion forces

Question 19

is the ease with which the electron distribution the atom or molecule can be distorted

Answer 19

Polarizability

Question 20

is a special dipole-dipole interaction between the two hydrogen atom in a polar and an electronegative O, N, or F atoms

Answer 20

Hydrogen bond

Question 21

is the amount of energy required to stretch or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area

Answer 21

Surface tension

Question 22

is the intermolecular attraction between like molecules

Answer 22

Cohesion

Question 23

is the attraction between unlike molecules

Answer 23

Adhesion

Question 24

is a measure of a fluids resistance to flow

Answer 24

Viscosity

Question 25

Strength of IMFA's

Answer 25

ion-dipole~H-bond>dipole-dipole>dispersion forces

Question 26

- lattice points occupied by cations and anions - held together by electrostatic attraction - Hard, brittle, high melting point - Poor conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 26

Ionic Crystals

Question 27

- Lattice points occupied by atoms - Held together by covalent bonds - Hard, high melting point - Poor conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 27

Covalent Crystals

Question 28

- Lattice points occupied by molecules - Held together by intermolecular forces - Soft, low melting point - Poor conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 28

Molecular Crystals

Question 29

- Lattice points occupied by metal atoms - Held together by metallic bonds - Soft to hard, low to high melting point - Good conductors of heat and electricity

Answer 29

Metallic crystals

Question 30

it does not possessed a well-defined arrangement and long-range molecular order

Answer 30

Amorphous Solid

Question 31

it is the vapor pressure measured when a dynamic equilibrium exists between condensation and evaporation

Answer 31

Equilibrium vapor pressure

Question 32

is the temperature at which the (equilibrium) vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure

Answer 32

Boiling Point

Question 33

is the temperature at which a liquid boils when the external pressure is 1 atm

Answer 33

Normal Boiling Point

Question 34

summarizes the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas

Answer 34

Phase Diagram

Question 35

The melting point of a liquid is the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases coexist in equilibrium

Answer 35

Solid-Liquid Equilibrium