Calhoun & nullification
individual states have the right to nullify federal laws; Pres. Jackson disagreed
Jackson’s background
self-made western pioneer; war hero; man’s man
John Q. Adams ancestry
son of 2nd president John Adams
spoils system
replacing current govt. employees w/supporters of winner
1828 candidates
Democrat Andrew Jackson; National Republican John Q. Adams
“corrupt bargain”
alleged deal between Henry Clay & John Q. Adams in 1824 election
states’ rights party in 1828
Democrats
bureaucracy
appointed officials (not elected ones) carry out laws
strong central govt. party in 1828
Republicans
mudslinging
attempts to ruin a candidate’s reputation w/insults
McCulloch vs. Maryland
said Second Bank of U.S. was constitutional; legal
Seminole state
Florida
Indian Removal Act
1830; allowed fed. govt. to pay/force Native Americans to move west
how 1824 election decided
went to House of Representatives b/c no one received a majority of electoral votes
Treaty of New Echota
treaty some Cherokee signed giving up land; U.S. govt. used it to relocate Cherokee
Van Buren & the treasury
he persuaded Congress to create an independent federal/national treasury in 1840
ESSAY 1: What was the “corrupt bargain” between Henry Clay & John Q. Adams?
- election of 1824
- no one received majority of electoral votes so vote goes to House of Representatives
- Clay as Speaker of the House could use influence to get Adams the win
- Adams could make Clay Secretary of State (stepping stone to presidency)
- Jackson loses & accuses them of a “corrupt bargain”
ESSAY 2: Compare & contrast the experiences of Cherokee & Seminole.
CHEROKEE
- refused to sell land
- recognized as separate nation by U.S. govt. in 1790s, but ignored by Georgia
- went to Supreme Court, but Jackson ignored ruling
- some agreed to move & signed Treaty of New Echota (only 500/17,000)
- gave in in 1838 when troops arrived–couldn’t fight back
- Trail of Tears; march to Oklahoma
- 4,000 dead in camps (before march) and on march
ESSAY 2 continued
SEMINOLE
- decided to fight removal
- 1835 fought back at Dade Massacre
- attacked white settlements along coast
- surprise & retreat
- 30,000 U.S. troops fighting 3,000 Seminole & Black Seminole
- many captured & forced to move west; others escaped to Everglades
- descendants still live there today
ESSAY 2 continued
BOTH
- U.S. govt. wanted their land; Native Americans didn’t want to move
- eventually lost most/all of their land
- dealt with U.S. troops
