Chapter 12

Question 1

Fungi domain

Answer 1

eukarya

Question 2

protozoa domain

Answer 2

eukarya

Question 3

asexual reproduction

Answer 3

1. hyphal fragment breaks off vegetative mycelium
2. fragment grows to produce new mycelium
3. vegetative mycelium grows

Question 4

sexual reproduction

Answer 4

1. haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (-)
2. • and - fuse
3. diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei thru meiosis, creating sexual spores

Question 5

asexual vs. sexual reproduction

Answer 5

asexual reproduction is independent while sexual reproduction requires two organisms

Question 6

two benefical effects of fungi

Answer 6

1. promote growth of many plant species
2. fermentation (foods and drinks)

Question 7

two harmful effects of fungi

Answer 7

1. valley fever (coccidiomycosis)
2. degradation

Question 8

characteristic features of algae

Answer 8

pigments

Question 9

characteristics of diatoms

Answer 9

silica cell walls, important primary producers in ocean, produce domoic acid (neurotoxins)

Question 10

characteristics of dinoflagellates

Answer 10

have two flagella
endosymbionts in corals
cause red tides
produce neurotoxins (shellfish poisoning)

Question 11

intermediate host

Answer 11

asexual reproduction only

Question 12

definitive host

Answer 12

where sexual reproduction occurs

Question 13

examples of disease-causing protozoa

Answer 13

naegleria fowleri (brain eating amoeba), plasmodium vivax (malaria)

Question 14

cellular slime molds

Answer 14

maintain individual cell walls in slug phase

Question 15

plasmodial slime molds

Answer 15

form multinucleate mass, individual cells lost

Question 16

fungi nutiritional type

Answer 16

chemoheterotroph

Question 17

fungi cellularity

Answer 17

mostly multicellular; yeast are unicellular

Question 18

fungi cellular arrangement

Answer 18

yeast - unicellular
molds - filamentous
mushrooms and fruiting bodies - fleshy

Question 19

fungi food acquisition method

Answer 19

absorptive

Question 20

fungi characteristic features

Answer 20

sexual and asexual spores

Question 21

important degraders of…

Answer 21

organic matter

especially wood

Question 22

mycorrhizae promote…

Answer 22

growth of many species

Question 23

mycelium

Answer 23

mass of hyphae

Question 24

fision yeasts divide…

Answer 24

symmetrically

Question 25

budding yeasts divide...

Answer 25

asymmetrically

Question 26

asymmetrical division

Answer 26

budding like pregnancy | parent cell grows a daughter cell and then it splits

Question 27

symmetrical division

Question 28

dimorphism

Answer 28

can grow as yeast or mold

Question 29

algae domain

Answer 29

eukarya

Question 30

algae nutritional type

Answer 30

photoautotroph

Question 31

algae cellularity

Answer 31

some are multicellular

Question 32

algae cellular arrangement

Answer 32

unicellular, colonial, filamentous, tissues

Question 33

algae food acquisition method

Answer 33

diffusion

Question 34

algae are...

Answer 34

important primary producers in marine and aquatic ecosystems | fix carbon thru photosynthesis, form base of food web

Question 35

diatom division

Answer 35

asexual reproduction creates new inner cell with each division gets smaller each time until it is too small to divide; then switches to sexual reproduction

Question 36

endosymbionts

Answer 36

on the outside of plant root

Question 37

protozoa nutritional type

Answer 37

chemoheterotroph

Question 38

protozoa cellularity

Answer 38

always unicellular

Question 39

protozoa food acquisition method

Answer 39

absorptive; ingestive

Question 40

protozoa characteristic features

Answer 40

motility some form cysts

Question 41

protozoa are...

Answer 41

important predators of bacteria in natural ecosystems

Question 42

*Naegleria Fowleri*

Answer 42

brain eating amoeba likes warm freshwater environments enters thru nose

Question 43

schizogony

Answer 43

nuclei divide multiple times, then cells divide

Question 44

cellular slime mold life cycle | asexual reproduction

Answer 44

1. ameba reproduces 2. amebae move toward cAMP signal given off by one ameba 3. amebae aggregate 4. sheath forms to create migration stage (slug) 5. slug stops migrating, begins to form stalk (differentiation stage) 6. fruiting body with spore cap forms 7. cells in spore cap form spores 8. spore is released 9. ameba germinates from spore

Question 45

plasmodial slime mold life cycle

Answer 45

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 1. multinucleate plasmodium forms 2. plasmodium grows, distributing nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming 3. plasmodium seperates into groups of protoplasm 4. each group forms sporangia on stalks 5. spores develop in sporangia 6. nuclei in spores go thru meiosis, form gametes 7. spores are released SEXUAL REPRODUCTION steps 1-7 8. gamete germinates from spore 9. haploid gametes fuse, producing zygote 10. zygote develops by nuclear division and cell growth