Abnormal Psych > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two general categories of sexual disorders recognized by experts?

A
  • Sexual dysfunctions
  • Paraphilic disorders
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2
Q

Sexual Dysfunctions

A

Problems with sexual responses marked by persistent inability to function normally in some area of the sexual response cycle

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3
Q

Paraphilic Disorders

A

Repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies in response to objects or situations that society deems inappropriate

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4
Q

How many men are diagnosed with a sexual dysfunction?

A

30%

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5
Q

How many women are diagnosed with a sexual dysfunction?

A

43%

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6
Q

What are the four phases of the human sexual response cycle?

A
  • Desire
  • Excitement
  • Orgasm
  • Resolution
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7
Q

Sexual dysfunctions affect which three phases of the human sexual response cycle?

A
  • Desire
  • Excitement
  • Orgasm
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8
Q

How are sexual disorders classified?

A
  • Can be lifelong or an acquired type
  • Generalized or situational
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9
Q

What are the two sexual dysfunctions that impact the desire phase?

A
  • Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
  • Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
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10
Q

What is the criteria to be diagnosed with male hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

A
  • For at least 6 months, individual repeatedly experiences few or no sexual thoughts, fantasies, or desires
  • Individual experiences significant distress about this condition
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11
Q

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder focus on what two phases?

A

Desire and excitement

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12
Q

True or False: some clinicians believe that female sexual interest/arousal disorder should be two separate conditions

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: sex drive is determined by a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

A

True

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14
Q

What are biological causes of low sex drive?

A
  • Abnormal hormonal levels
  • Excessive neurotransmitter activity
  • Medications and other substance use
  • Long-term physical illness
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15
Q

___________ levels of prolactin can cause low sex drive

A

High

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16
Q

___________ levels of testosterone can cause low sex drive

A

Low

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17
Q

____________ levels of estrogen can cause low sex drive

A

High or low

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18
Q

What are the two neurotransmitters associated with causing low sex drive?

A
  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine
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19
Q

What are some psychological causes of low sex drive?

A
  • General increase in anxiety, depression, or anger
  • Particular attitudes, fears, or memories
  • Certain psychological disorders
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20
Q

What are some sociocultural causes of low sex drive?

A
  • Situational pressures
  • Unhappy or problematic relationship
  • Differences in skills as lover or need for closeness
  • Cultural standards/double standard
  • Trauma
  • Certain psychological disorders
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21
Q

True or False: most causes of low sexual desire are primarily caused by biological conditions, but psychological and sociocultural factors can play a role

A

False: most cases of low sexual desire are caused primarily by sociocultural and psychological factors, but biological conditions can also lower sex drive significantly

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22
Q

What are the two dysfunctions impacting the excitement phase?

A
  • Male erectile disorder
  • Female sexual arousal disorder
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23
Q

Male Erectile Disorder

A

Persistently fail to attain or maintain erection during sexual activity

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24
Q

How many men are diagnosed with erectile disorder?

A

~16%

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25
True or False: male erectile disorder mainly impacts older men, but can also occur in younger men
True
26
How many cases of male erectile disorder occur in men in their 20s?
20%
27
What are some biological causes of male erectile disorder?
- Medications - Substance abuse
28
True or False: alcohol abuse makes it more likely for a man to be diagnosed with erectile disorder
True
29
What are some psychological causes of male erectile disorder?
- Spectator role - Performance anxiety
30
What are some sociocultural causes of male erectile disorder?
- Job loss - Financial strain - Marital stress
31
What are the dysfunctions that impact the orgasm phase?
- Premature ejaculation - Delayed ejaculation - Female orgasmic disorder
32
What is the criteria to be diagnosed with premature ejaculation?
- For at least 6 months, individual usually ejaculates within 1 minute of beginning sex with a partner, and earlier than he wants to - Individual experiences significant distress
33
How many men experience premature ejaculation?
30%
34
What are some factors that impact premature ejaculation?
- Youth - Inexperience - Infrequent sex
35
What are some biological theories of premature ejaculation?
- Genetic predisposition - Overactive and underactive serotonin receptors - Greater penis sensitivity
36
_______ of men meet all the criteria for premature ejaculation disorder
4%
37
Among men suffering from premature ejaculation, __________ in one study had 1st degree relatives who also had the dysfunction
91%
38
What is the criteria to be diagnosed with delayed ejaculation?
- For at least 6 months, individual usually displays a significant delay, infrequency, or absence of ejaculation during sexual activity with a partner - Individual experiences significant distress
39
_________ of men worldwide experience delayed ejaculation
10%
40
What are some factors that can impact delayed ejaculation?
- Low testosterone levels - Certain neurological diseases - Head or spinal cord injuries
41
What are some psychological theories that play a role in delayed ejaculation?
- Performance anxiety - Spectator role - Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
42
What is the criteria to be diagnosed with female orgasmic disorder?
- For at least 6 months, individual usually displays a significant delay, infrequency, or absence of orgasm, and/or is unable to achieve past orgasmic intensity - Individual experiences significant distress
43
Female orgasmic disorder affects _______ to some degree
21%
44
What are some biological causes of female orgasmic disorder?
- Diabetes, multiple sclerosis, other neurological diseases - Drugs and medications - Menopausal changes
45
What are some psychological causes of female orgasmic disorder?
- Depression - Trauma and relationships
46
What are some sociocultural causes of female orgasmic disorder?
- Society’s sexual restrictive role of women - First intercourse experience
47
Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorders
Dysfunctions that do not fit into a specific phase of the sexual response cycle and are characterized by enormous physical discomfort during intercourse
48
What is an example of a cognitive-behavioral cause for genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?
Learned fear
49
What are some physical causes for genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?
- Infection - Disease - Menopause - Dyspareunia
50
True or False: modern sex therapy can include long-term options
False: Modern sex therapy is short-term and instructive
51
Which two sexual disorders are the most difficult and complex to treat?
- Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder - Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
52
True or False: relatively few people with paraphilic disorders receive a formal diagnosis
True
53
True or False: there's some key evidence to understand the causes of paraphilic disorders
False: Although theorists have proposed various explanations for paraphilias, there’s little evidence to support them
54
True or False: definitions of paraphilic disorders are strongly influenced by the norms of the particular society in which they occur
True
55
Which treatments for paraphilic disorders have been around the longest?
Psychological and sociocultural
56
Fetishistic Disorder
Recurrent intense sexual urges/fantasies involving use of nonliving object or nongenital body part accompanied by significant distress or impairment
57
What is the psychodynamic theory for fetishistic disorder?
Defense mechanism to avoid sexual contact anxiety
58
What is the behaviorist theory forfetishistic disorder?
Learned through classical conditioning
59
Cognitive-behavioral treatments for fetishistic disorder include...
- Aversion therapy - Covert sensitization - Imagined aversive stimulation
60
Transvestic Disorder
Fantasies or behaviors involving dressing in clothes of the opposite sex to achieve sexual arousal
61
Transvestic disorder is most likely to occur in...
Heterosexual males who began cross-dressing in childhood or adolescence
62
True or False: transvestic disorder does not involve transgender feelings or behaviors
True
63
What is the cognitive-behavioral theory for transvestic disorder?
Learning through classical conditioning in early life
64
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Characterized by arousal from the exposure of genitals in a public setting
65
True or False: sexual contact rarely initiated or desired for people with exhibitionistic disorder
True
66
What are some theories about the cause of exhibitionistic disorder?
- Immaturity in interpersonal relationships - Fears about masculinity - Possessive mother
67
What kinds of treatment are available for people with exhibitionistic disorder?
- Aversion therapy - Social skill training - Insight therapy
Abnormal Psych
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