Chapter 12

Question 1

Consequence of the Boer war?

Answer 1

• scorched earth policy ruined farmland
• concentration camps held 115,000 people and ruined britains perception of their moral superiority
• war was three years long and cost £230 million
• 22,00 British killed to only 6000 boers
• treaty of vereening 1902 gave boers £3million

Question 2

Causes of the boer war?

Answer 2

• lack of vote for uitlanders
• contest over gold and diamond mining rights
• Transvaal nationalism and Paul Kruger
• Britain fear of being undermined
• boers using Portuguese East Africa ports to trade
• Jameson raid
• chamberlain and krugers relations

Question 3

How did Sudan experience economic growth under the British?

Answer 3

• Nile valley economy grew
• telegraph and railway lines lined north Sudan and port Sudan
• gezira scheme provided high quality cotton to Britain

Question 4

How was South Sudan difficult to control?

Answer 4

Native population refused to give up customs and pay taxes, British responded harshly using death penalty and enacting 33 punitive expeditions against them to exert control

Question 5

When did Britain take over Sudan?

Answer 5

Kitchener assured control over the Sudan in 1898 deposing the machinist regime and declaring a joint Egyptian-British rule

Question 6

What opposition was faced in west africa?

Answer 6

Governor introduced tax on dwelling and insisted local leaders organise their people to maintain roads. They met with opposition and deployed scorched earth policy and secured a surrender from the chief. They were counselled to exact moderation but went o to execute 96 chiefs.

Question 7

What where challenges to British rule where there in Zanzibar?

Answer 7

Khalid Bin Bargash took power after the suspicions death of it pro-British sultan. Khalid commanded 3000 men but fled upon heavy naval bombardment.

Question 8

What were challenges to British rule in British somaliland?

Answer 8

Religious leader Muhammad Abdullah Hassan aimed to defend Somalia from external interference. He was disturbed by reports of evangelism he raised and army of 2000 to mount raids on British somaliland to which the brisket responded with a joint military effort with Ethiopia. Hassan was to fullly crushed until the 1920s when aerial bombing was available.

Question 9

What was the result of the opposition to the portion of bengal?

Answer 9

6 year campaign was successful and bengal was reunited in 1911

Question 10

When was the 2nd boer war?

Answer 10

1899-1902

Question 11

How did the partition of bengal prompt opposition?

Answer 11

Viceroys Cruz on choice to enact partition of bengal prompted petitions, protest and a public boycott of British goods, a self sufficiently campaign was mounted by Bal Tila.

Question 12

What was the Abhinav Bharat?

Answer 12

Young india association was home to several revolutionaries and planned many assassinations to undermine British rule where.

Question 13

Who was Bal Tilak and what was his significance?

Answer 13

Son of a schoolteacher, he established a school for Indian students promoting national pride. He was a member of Indian national congress , arrested 3 times for sedition and called the ‘father of Indian unrest’

Question 14

What was the significance of newspapers to te Indian nationalist movements?

Answer 14

• Bal tilak and Shivram Parajape founded a weekly newspaper called Karl in 1898
• both where sentenced to imprisonment for inciting the murder of a British army officer and inciting sedition
• 1908 Karl was banned from production

Question 15

What challenge where there in india to the empire?

Answer 15

1890s
Political opposition to imperial rule grew amount educated professionals indian classes and the emergence of Indian national newspapers that promoted anti imperial sentiment and Indian national pride.